/*
* Linux/PA-RISC Project (http://www.parisc-linux.org/)
*
* System call entry code / Linux gateway page
* Copyright (c) Matthew Wilcox 1999 <willy@bofh.ai>
* Licensed under the GNU GPL.
* thanks to Philipp Rumpf, Mike Shaver and various others
* sorry about the wall, puffin..
*/
/*
How does the Linux gateway page on PA-RISC work?
------------------------------------------------
The Linux gateway page on PA-RISC is "special".
It actually has PAGE_GATEWAY bits set (this is linux terminology; in parisc
terminology it's Execute, promote to PL0) in the page map. So anything
executing on this page executes with kernel level privilege (there's more to it
than that: to have this happen, you also have to use a branch with a ,gate
completer to activate the privilege promotion). The upshot is that everything
that runs on the gateway page runs at kernel privilege but with the current
user process address space (although you have access to kernel space via %sr2).
For the 0x100 syscall entry, we redo the space registers to point to the kernel
address space (preserving the user address space in %sr3), move to wide mode if
required, save the user registers and branch into the kernel syscall entry
point. For all the other functions, we execute at kernel privilege but don't
flip address spaces. The basic upshot of this is that these code snippets are
executed atomically (because the kernel can't be pre-empted) and they may
perform architecturally forbidden (to PL3) operations (like setting control
registers).
*/
#include <asm/asm-offsets.h>
#include <asm/unistd.h>
#include <asm/errno.h>
#include <asm/page.h>
#include <asm/psw.h>
#include <asm/thread_info.h>
#include <asm/assembly.h>
#include <asm/processor.h>
#include <asm/cache.h>
#include <linux/linkage.h>
/* We fill the empty parts of the gateway page with
* something that will kill the kernel or a
* userspace application.
*/
#define KILL_INSN break 0,0
.level LEVEL
.text
.import syscall_exit,code
.import syscall_exit_rfi,code
/* Linux gateway page is aliased to virtual page 0 in the kernel
* address space. Since it is a gateway page it cannot be
* dereferenced, so null pointers will still fault. We start
* the actual entry point at 0x100. We put break instructions
* at the beginning of the page to trap null indirect function
* pointers.
*/
.align PAGE_SIZE
ENTRY(linux_gateway_page)
/* ADDRESS 0x00 to 0xb0 = 176 bytes / 4 bytes per insn = 44 insns */
.rept 44
KILL_INSN
.endr
/* ADDRESS 0xb0 to 0xb8, lws uses two insns for entry */
/* Light-weight-syscall entry must always be located at 0xb0 */
/* WARNING: Keep this number updated with table size changes */
#define __NR_lws_entries (2)
lws_entry:
gate lws_start, %r0 /* increase privilege */
depi 3, 31, 2, %r31 /* Ensure we return into user mode. */
/* Fill from 0xb8 to 0xe0 */
.rept 10
KILL_INSN
.endr
/* This function MUST be located at 0xe0 for glibc's threading
mechanism to work. DO NOT MOVE THIS CODE EVER! */
set_thread_pointer:
gate .+8, %r0 /* increase privilege */
depi 3, 31, 2, %r31 /* Ensure we return into user mode. */
be 0(%sr7,%r31) /* return to user space */
mtctl %r26, %cr27 /* move arg0 to the control register */
/* Increase the chance of trapping if random jumps occur to this
address, fill from 0xf0 to 0x100 */
.rept 4
KILL_INSN
.endr
/* This address must remain fixed at 0x100 for glibc's syscalls to work */
.align 256
linux_gateway_entry:
gate .+8, %r0 /* become privileged */
mtsp %r0,%sr4 /* get kernel space into sr4 */
mtsp %r0,%sr5 /* get kernel space into sr5 */
mtsp %r0,%sr6 /* get kernel space into sr6 */
mfsp %sr7,%r1 /* save user sr7 */
mtsp %r1,%sr3 /* and store it in sr3 */
#ifdef CONFIG_64BIT
/* for now we can *always* set the W bit on entry to the syscall
* since we don't support wide userland processes. We could
* also save the current SM other than in r0 and restore it on
* exit from the syscall, and also use that value to know
* whether to do narrow or wide syscalls. -PB
*/
ssm PSW_SM_W, %r1
extrd,u %r1,PSW_W_BIT,1,%r1
/* sp must be aligned on 4, so deposit the W bit setting into
* the bottom of sp temporarily */
or,ev %r1,%r30,%r30
b,n 1f
/* The top halves of argument registers must be cleared on syscall
* entry from narrow executable.
*/
depdi 0, 31, 32, %r26
depdi 0, 31, 32, %r25
depdi 0, 31, 32, %r24
depdi 0, 31, 32, %r23
depdi 0, 31, 32, %r22
depdi 0, 31, 32, %r21
1:
#endif
mfctl %cr30,%r1
xor %r1,%r30,%r30 /* ye olde xor trick */
xor %r1,%r30,%r1
xor %r1,%r30,%r30
ldo THREAD_SZ_ALGN+FRAME_SIZE(%r30),%r30 /* set up kernel stack */
/* N.B.: It is critical that we don't set sr7 to 0 until r30
* contains a valid kernel stack pointer. It is also
* critical that we don't start using the kernel stack
* until after sr7 has been set to 0.
*/
mtsp %r0,%sr7 /* get kernel space into sr7 */
STREGM %r1,FRAME_SIZE(%r30) /* save r1 (usp) here for now */
mfctl %cr30,%r1 /* get task ptr in %r1 */
LDREG TI_TASK(%r1),%r1
/* Save some registers for sigcontext and potential task
switch (see entry.S for the details of which ones are
saved/restored). TASK_PT_PSW is zeroed so we can see whether
a process is on a syscall or not. For an interrupt the real
PSW value is stored. This is needed for gdb and sys_ptrace. */
STREG %r0, TASK_PT_PSW(%r1)
STREG %r2, TASK_PT_GR2(%r1) /* preserve rp */
STREG %r19, TASK_PT_GR19(%r1)
LDREGM -FRAME_SIZE(%r30), %r2 /* get users sp back */
#ifdef CONFIG_64BIT
extrd,u %r2,63,1,%r19 /* W hidden in bottom bit */
#if 0
xor %r19,%r2,%r2 /* clear bottom bit */
depd,z %r19,1,1,%r19
std %r19,TASK_PT_PSW(%r1)
#endif
#endif
STREG %r2, TASK_PT_GR30(%r1) /* ... and save it */
STREG %r20, TASK_PT_GR20(%r1) /* Syscall number */
STREG %r21, TASK_PT_GR21(%r1)
STREG %r22, TASK_PT_GR22(%r1)
STREG %r23, TASK_PT_GR23(%r1) /* 4th argument */
STREG %r24, TASK_PT_GR24(%r1) /* 3rd argument */
STREG %r25, TASK_PT_GR25(%r1) /* 2nd argument */
STREG %r26, TASK_PT_GR26(%r1) /* 1st argument */
STREG %r27, TASK_PT_GR27(%r1) /* user dp */
STREG %r28, TASK_PT_GR28(%r1) /* return value 0 */
STREG %r0, TASK_PT_ORIG_R28(%r1) /* don't prohibit restarts */
STREG %r29, TASK_PT_GR29(%r1) /* return value 1 */
STREG %r31, TASK_PT_GR31(%r1) /* preserve syscall return ptr */
ldo TASK_PT_FR0(%r1), %r27 /* save fpregs from the kernel */
save_fp %r27 /* or potential task switch */
mfctl %cr11, %r27 /* i.e. SAR */
STREG %r27, TASK_PT_SAR(%r1)
loadgp
#ifdef CONFIG_64BIT
ldo -16(%r30),%r29 /* Reference param save area */
copy %r19,%r2 /* W bit back to r2 */
#else
/* no need to save these on stack in wide mode because the first 8
* args are passed in registers */
stw %r22, -52(%r30) /* 5th argument */
stw %r21, -56(%r30) /* 6th argument */
#endif
/* Are we being ptraced? */
mfctl %cr30, %r1
LDREG TI_FLAGS(%r1),%r1
ldi _TIF_SYSCALL_TRACE_MASK, %r19
and,COND(=) %r1, %r19, %r0
b,n .Ltracesys
/* Note! We cannot use the syscall table that is mapped
nearby since the gateway page is mapped execute-only. */
#ifdef CONFIG_64BIT
ldil L%sys_call_table, %r1
or,= %r2,%r2,%r2
addil L%(sys_call_table64-sys_call_table), %r1
ldo R%sys_call_table(%r1), %r19
or,= %r2,%r2,%r2
ldo R%sys_call_table64(%r1), %r19
#else
ldil L%sys_call_table, %r1
ldo R%sys_call_table(%r1), %r19
#endif
comiclr,>> __NR_Linux_syscalls, %r20, %r0
b,n .Lsyscall_nosys
LDREGX %r20(%r19), %r19
/* If this is a sys_rt_sigreturn call, and the signal was received
* when not in_syscall, then we want to return via syscall_exit_rfi,
* not syscall_exit. Signal no. in r20, in_syscall in r25 (see
* trampoline code in signal.c).
*/
ldi __NR_rt_sigreturn,%r2
comb,= %r2,%r20,.Lrt_sigreturn
.Lin_syscall:
ldil L%syscall_exit,%r2
be 0(%sr7,%r19)
ldo R%syscall_exit(%r2),%r2
.Lrt_sigreturn:
comib,<> 0,%r25,.Lin_syscall
ldil L%syscall_exit_rfi,%r2
be 0(%sr7,%r19)
ldo R%syscall_exit_rfi(%r2),%r2
/* Note! Because we are not running where we were linked, any
calls to functions external to this file must be indirect. To
be safe, we apply the opposite rule to functions within this
file, with local labels given to them to ensure correctness. */
.Lsyscall_nosys:
syscall_nosys:
ldil L%syscall_exit,%r1
be R%syscall_exit(%sr7,%r1)
ldo -ENOSYS(%r0),%r28 /* set errno */
/* Warning! This trace code is a virtual duplicate of the code above so be
* sure to maintain both! */
.Ltracesys:
tracesys:
/* Need to save more registers so the debugger can see where we
* are. This saves only the lower 8 bits of PSW, so that the C
* bit is still clear on syscalls, and the D bit is set if this
* full register save path has been executed. We check the D
* bit on syscall_return_rfi to determine which registers to
* restore. An interrupt results in a full PSW saved with the
* C bit set, a non-straced syscall entry results in C and D clear
* in the saved PSW.
*/
ldo -THREAD_SZ_ALGN-FRAME_SIZE(%r30),%r1 /* get task ptr */
LDREG TI_TASK(%r1), %r1
ssm 0,%r2
STREG %r2,TASK_PT_PSW(%r1) /* Lower 8 bits only!! */
mfsp %sr0,%r2
STREG %r2,TASK_PT_SR0(%r1)
mfsp %sr1,%r2
STREG %r2,TASK_PT_SR1(%r1)
mfsp %sr2,%r2
STREG %r2,TASK_PT_SR2(%r1)
mfsp %sr3,%r2
STREG %r2,TASK_PT_SR3(%r1)
STREG %r2,TASK_PT_SR4(%r1)
STREG %r2,TASK_PT_SR5(%r1)
STREG %r2,TASK_PT_SR6(%r1)
STREG %r2,TASK_PT_SR7(%r1)
STREG %r2,TASK_PT_IASQ0(%r1)
STREG %r2,TASK_PT_IASQ1(%r1)
LDREG TASK_PT_GR31(%r1),%r2
STREG %r2,TASK_PT_IAOQ0(%r1)
ldo 4(%r2),%r2
STREG %r2,TASK_PT_IAOQ1(%r1)
ldo TASK_REGS(%r1),%r2
/* reg_save %r2 */
STREG %r3,PT_GR3(%r2)
STREG %r4,PT_GR4(%r2)
STREG %r5,PT_GR5(%r2)
STREG %r6,PT_GR6(%r2)
STREG %r7,PT_GR7(%r2)
STREG %r8,PT_GR8(%r2)
STREG %r9,PT_GR9(%r2)
STREG %r10,PT_GR10(%r2)
STREG %r11,PT_GR11(%r2)
STREG %r12,PT_GR12(%r2)
STREG %r13,PT_GR13(%r2)
STREG %r14,PT_GR14(%r2)
STREG %r15,PT_GR15(%r2)
STREG %r16,PT_GR16(%r2)
STREG %r17,PT_GR17(%r2)
STREG %r18,PT_GR18(%r2)
/* Finished saving things for the debugger */
copy %r2,%r26
ldil L%do_syscall_trace_enter,%r1
ldil L%tracesys_next,%r2
be R%do_syscall_trace_enter(%sr7,%r1)
ldo R%tracesys_next(%r2),%r2
tracesys_next:
/* do_syscall_trace_enter either returned the syscallno, or -1L,
* so we skip restoring the PT_GR20 below, since we pulled it from
* task->thread.regs.gr[20] above.
*/
copy %ret0,%r20
ldil L%sys_call_table,%r1
ldo R%sys_call_table(%r1), %r19
ldo -THREAD_SZ_ALGN-FRAME_SIZE(%r30),%r1 /* get task ptr */
LDREG TI_TASK(%r1), %r1
LDREG TASK_PT_GR26(%r1), %r26 /* Restore the users args */
LDREG TASK_PT_GR25(%r1), %r25
LDREG TASK_PT_GR24(%r1), %r24
LDREG TASK_PT_GR23(%r1), %r23
LDREG TASK_PT_GR22(%r1), %r22
LDREG TASK_PT_GR21(%r1), %r21
#ifdef CONFIG_64BIT
ldo -16(%r30),%r29 /* Reference param save area */
#else
stw %r22, -52(%r30) /* 5th argument */
stw %r21, -56(%r30) /* 6th argument */
#endif
comiclr,>>= __NR_Linux_syscalls, %r20, %r0
b,n .Lsyscall_nosys
LDREGX %r20(%r19), %r19
/* If this is a sys_rt_sigreturn call, and the signal was received
* when not in_syscall, then we want to return via syscall_exit_rfi,
* not syscall_exit. Signal no. in r20, in_syscall in r25 (see
* trampoline code in signal.c).
*/
ldi __NR_rt_sigreturn,%r2
comb,= %r2,%r20,.Ltrace_rt_sigreturn
.Ltrace_in_syscall:
ldil L%tracesys_exit,%r2
be 0(%sr7,%r19)
ldo R%tracesys_exit(%r2),%r2
/* Do *not* call this function on the gateway page, because it
makes a direct call to syscall_trace. */
tracesys_exit:
ldo -THREAD_SZ_ALGN-FRAME_SIZE(%r30),%r1 /* get task ptr */
LDREG TI_TASK(%r1), %r1
#ifdef CONFIG_64BIT
ldo -16(%r30),%r29 /* Reference param save area */
#endif
ldo TASK_REGS(%r1),%r26
bl do_syscall_trace_exit,%r2
STREG %r28,TASK_PT_GR28(%r1) /* save return value now */
ldo -THREAD_SZ_ALGN-FRAME_SIZE(%r30),%r1 /* get task ptr */
LDREG TI_TASK(%r1), %r1
LDREG TASK_PT_GR28(%r1), %r28 /* Restore return val. */
ldil L%syscall_exit,%r1
be,n R%syscall_exit(%sr7,%r1)
.Ltrace_rt_sigreturn:
comib,<> 0,%r25,.Ltrace_in_syscall
ldil L%tracesys_sigexit,%r2
be 0(%sr7,%r19)
ldo R%tracesys_sigexit(%r2),%r2
tracesys_sigexit:
ldo -THREAD_SZ_ALGN-FRAME_SIZE(%r30),%r1 /* get task ptr */
LDREG TI_TASK(%r1), %r1
#ifdef CONFIG_64BIT
ldo -16(%r30),%r29 /* Reference param save area */
#endif
bl do_syscall_trace_exit,%r2
ldo TASK_REGS(%r1),%r26
ldil L%syscall_exit_rfi,%r1
be,n R%syscall_exit_rfi(%sr7,%r1)
/*********************************************************
32/64-bit Light-Weight-Syscall ABI
* - Indicates a hint for userspace inline asm
implementations.
Syscall number (caller-saves)
- %r20
* In asm clobber.
Argument registers (caller-saves)
- %r26, %r25, %r24, %r23, %r22
* In asm input.
Return registers (caller-saves)
- %r28 (return), %r21 (errno)
* In asm output.
Caller-saves registers
- %r1, %r27, %r29
- %r2 (return pointer)
- %r31 (ble link register)
* In asm clobber.
Callee-saves registers
- %r3-%r18
- %r30 (stack pointer)
* Not in asm clobber.
If userspace is 32-bit:
Callee-saves registers
- %r19 (32-bit PIC register)
Differences from 32-bit calling convention:
- Syscall number in %r20
- Additional argument register %r22 (arg4)
- Callee-saves %r19.
If userspace is 64-bit:
Callee-saves registers
- %r27 (64-bit PIC register)
Differences from 64-bit calling convention:
- Syscall number in %r20
- Additional argument register %r22 (arg4)
- Callee-saves %r27.
Error codes returned by entry path:
ENOSYS - r20 was an invalid LWS number.
*********************************************************/
lws_start:
#ifdef CONFIG_64BIT
/* FIXME: If we are a 64-bit kernel just
* turn this on unconditionally.
*/
ssm PSW_SM_W, %r1
extrd,u %r1,PSW_W_BIT,1,%r1
/* sp must be aligned on 4, so deposit the W bit setting into
* the bottom of sp temporarily */
or,ev %r1,%r30,%r30
/* Clip LWS number to a 32-bit value always */
depdi 0, 31, 32, %r20
#endif
/* Is the lws entry number valid? */
comiclr,>> __NR_lws_entries, %r20, %r0
b,n lws_exit_nosys
/* WARNING: Trashing sr2 and sr3 */
mfsp %sr7,%r1 /* get userspace into sr3 */
mtsp %r1,%sr3
mtsp %r0,%sr2 /* get kernel space into sr2 */
/* Load table start */
ldil L%lws_table, %r1
ldo R%lws_table(%r1), %r28 /* Scratch use of r28 */
LDREGX %r20(%sr2,r28), %r21 /* Scratch use of r21 */
/* Jump to lws, lws table pointers already relocated */
be,n 0(%sr2,%r21)
lws_exit_nosys:
ldo -ENOSYS(%r0),%r21 /* set errno */
/* Fall through: Return to userspace */
lws_exit:
#ifdef CONFIG_64BIT
/* decide whether to reset the wide mode bit
*
* For a syscall, the W bit is stored in the lowest bit
* of sp. Extract it and reset W if it is zero */
extrd,u,*<> %r30,63,1,%r1
rsm PSW_SM_W, %r0
/* now reset the lowest bit of sp if it was set */
xor %r30,%r1,%r30
#endif
be,n 0(%sr7, %r31)
/***************************************************
Implementing CAS as an atomic operation:
%r26 - Address to examine
%r25 - Old value to check (old)
%r24 - New value to set (new)
%r28 - Return prev through this register.
%r21 - Kernel error code
If debugging is DISabled:
%r21 has the following meanings:
EAGAIN - CAS is busy, ldcw failed, try again.
EFAULT - Read or write failed.
If debugging is enabled:
EDEADLOCK - CAS called recursively.
EAGAIN && r28 == 1 - CAS is busy. Lock contended.
EAGAIN && r28 == 2 - CAS is busy. ldcw failed.
EFAULT - Read or write failed.
Scratch: r20, r28, r1
****************************************************/
/* Do not enable LWS debugging */
#define ENABLE_LWS_DEBUG 0
/* ELF64 Process entry path */
lws_compare_and_swap64:
#ifdef CONFIG_64BIT
b,n lws_compare_and_swap
#else
/* If we are not a 64-bit kernel, then we don't
* have 64-bit input registers, and calling
* the 64-bit LWS CAS returns ENOSYS.
*/
b,n lws_exit_nosys
#endif
/* ELF32 Process entry path */
lws_compare_and_swap32:
#ifdef CONFIG_64BIT
/* Clip all the input registers */
depdi 0, 31, 32, %r26
depdi 0, 31, 32, %r25
depdi 0, 31, 32, %r24
#endif
lws_compare_and_swap:
/* Load start of lock table */
ldil L%lws_lock_start, %r20
ldo R%lws_lock_start(%r20), %r28
/* Extract four bits from r26 and hash lock (Bits 4-7) */
extru %r26, 27, 4, %r20
/* Find lock to use, the hash is either one of 0 to
15, multiplied by 16 (keep it 16-byte aligned)
and add to the lock table offset. */
shlw %r20, 4, %r20
add %r20, %r28, %r20
# if ENABLE_LWS_DEBUG
/*
DEBUG, check for deadlock!
If the thread register values are the same
then we were the one that locked it last and
this is a recurisve call that will deadlock.
We *must* giveup this call and fail.
*/
ldw 4(%sr2,%r20), %r28 /* Load thread register */
/* WARNING: If cr27 cycles to the same value we have problems */
mfctl %cr27, %r21 /* Get current thread register */
cmpb,<>,n %r21, %r28, cas_lock /* Called recursive? */
b lws_exit /* Return error! */
ldo -EDEADLOCK(%r0), %r21
cas_lock:
cmpb,=,n %r0, %r28, cas_nocontend /* Is nobody using it? */
ldo 1(%r0), %r28 /* 1st case */
b lws_exit /* Contended... */
ldo -EAGAIN(%r0), %r21 /* Spin in userspace */
cas_nocontend:
# endif
/* ENABLE_LWS_DEBUG */
LDCW 0(%sr2,%r20), %r28 /* Try to acquire the lock */
cmpb,<>,n %r0, %r28, cas_action /* Did we get it? */
cas_wouldblock:
ldo 2(%r0), %r28 /* 2nd case */
b lws_exit /* Contended... */
ldo -EAGAIN(%r0), %r21 /* Spin in userspace */
/*
prev = *addr;
if ( prev == old )
*addr = new;
return prev;
*/
/* NOTES:
This all works becuse intr_do_signal
and schedule both check the return iasq
and see that we are on the kernel page
so this process is never scheduled off
or is ever sent any signal of any sort,
thus it is wholly atomic from usrspaces
perspective
*/
cas_action:
#if defined CONFIG_SMP && ENABLE_LWS_DEBUG
/* DEBUG */
mfctl %cr27, %r1
stw %r1, 4(%sr2,%r20)
#endif
/* The load and store could fail */
1: ldw 0(%sr3,%r26), %r28
sub,<> %r28, %r25, %r0
2: stw %r24, 0(%sr3,%r26)
/* Free lock */
stw %r20, 0(%sr2,%r20)
#if ENABLE_LWS_DEBUG
/* Clear thread register indicator */
stw %r0, 4(%sr2,%r20)
#endif
/* Return to userspace, set no error */
b lws_exit
copy %r0, %r21
3:
/* Error occurred on load or store */
/* Free lock */
stw %r20, 0(%sr2,%r20)
#if ENABLE_LWS_DEBUG
stw %r0, 4(%sr2,%r20)
#endif
b lws_exit
ldo -EFAULT(%r0),%r21 /* set errno */
nop
nop
nop
nop
/* Two exception table entries, one for the load,
the other for the store. Either return -EFAULT.
Each of the entries must be relocated. */
.section __ex_table,"aw"
ASM_ULONG_INSN (1b - linux_gateway_page), (3b - linux_gateway_page)
ASM_ULONG_INSN (2b - linux_gateway_page), (3b - linux_gateway_page)
.previous
/* Make sure nothing else is placed on this page */
.align PAGE_SIZE
END(linux_gateway_page)
ENTRY(end_linux_gateway_page)
/* Relocate symbols assuming linux_gateway_page is mapped
to virtual address 0x0 */
#define LWS_ENTRY(_name_) ASM_ULONG_INSN (lws_##_name_ - linux_gateway_page)
.section .rodata,"a"
.align 8
/* Light-weight-syscall table */
/* Start of lws table. */
ENTRY(lws_table)
LWS_ENTRY(compare_and_swap32) /* 0 - ELF32 Atomic compare and swap */
LWS_ENTRY(compare_and_swap64) /* 1 - ELF64 Atomic compare and swap */
END(lws_table)
/* End of lws table */
.align 8
ENTRY(sys_call_table)
#include "syscall_table.S"
END(sys_call_table)
#ifdef CONFIG_64BIT
.align 8
ENTRY(sys_call_table64)
#define SYSCALL_TABLE_64BIT
#include "syscall_table.S"
END(sys_call_table64)
#endif
/*
All light-weight-syscall atomic operations
will use this set of locks
NOTE: The lws_lock_start symbol must be
at least 16-byte aligned for safe use
with ldcw.
*/
.section .data
.align L1_CACHE_BYTES
ENTRY(lws_lock_start)
/* lws locks */
.rept 16
/* Keep locks aligned at 16-bytes */
.word 1
.word 0
.word 0
.word 0
.endr
END(lws_lock_start)
.previous
.end