import sys, itertools, unittest from test import test_support import ast def to_tuple(t): if t is None or isinstance(t, (basestring, int, long, complex)): return t elif isinstance(t, list): return [to_tuple(e) for e in t] result = [t.__class__.__name__] if hasattr(t, 'lineno') and hasattr(t, 'col_offset'): result.append((t.lineno, t.col_offset)) if t._fields is None: return tuple(result) for f in t._fields: result.append(to_tuple(getattr(t, f))) return tuple(result) # These tests are compiled through "exec" # There should be atleast one test per statement exec_tests = [ # None "None", # FunctionDef "def f(): pass", # FunctionDef with arg "def f(a): pass", # FunctionDef with arg and default value "def f(a=0): pass", # FunctionDef with varargs "def f(*args): pass", # FunctionDef with kwargs "def f(**kwargs): pass", # FunctionDef with all kind of args "def f(a, b=1, c=None, d=[], e={}, *args, **kwargs): pass", # ClassDef "class C:pass", # ClassDef, new style class "class C(object): pass", # Return "def f():return 1", # Delete "del v", # Assign "v = 1", # AugAssign "v += 1", # Print "print >>f, 1, ", # For "for v in v:pass", # While "while v:pass", # If "if v:pass", # Raise "raise Exception, 'string'", # TryExcept "try:\n pass\nexcept Exception:\n pass", # TryFinally "try:\n pass\nfinally:\n pass", # Assert "assert v", # Import "import sys", # ImportFrom "from sys import v", # Exec "exec 'v'", # Global "global v", # Expr "1", # Pass, "pass", # Break "break", # Continue "continue", # for statements with naked tuples (see http://bugs.python.org/issue6704) "for a,b in c: pass", "[(a,b) for a,b in c]", "((a,b) for a,b in c)", "((a,b) for (a,b) in c)", # Multiline generator expression (test for .lineno & .col_offset) """( ( Aa , Bb ) for Aa , Bb in Cc )""", # dictcomp "{a : b for w in x for m in p if g}", # dictcomp with naked tuple "{a : b for v,w in x}", # setcomp "{r for l in x if g}", # setcomp with naked tuple "{r for l,m in x}", ] # These are compiled through "single" # because of overlap with "eval", it just tests what # can't be tested with "eval" single_tests = [ "1+2" ] # These are compiled through "eval" # It should test all expressions eval_tests = [ # None "None", # BoolOp "a and b", # BinOp "a + b", # UnaryOp "not v", # Lambda "lambda:None", # Dict "{ 1:2 }", # Empty dict "{}", # Set "{None,}", # Multiline dict (test for .lineno & .col_offset) """{ 1 : 2 }""", # ListComp "[a for b in c if d]", # GeneratorExp "(a for b in c if d)", # Yield - yield expressions can't work outside a function # # Compare "1 < 2 < 3", # Call "f(1,2,c=3,*d,**e)", # Repr "`v`", # Num "10L", # Str "'string'", # Attribute "a.b", # Subscript "a[b:c]", # Name "v", # List "[1,2,3]", # Empty list "[]", # Tuple "1,2,3", # Tuple "(1,2,3)", # Empty tuple "()", # Combination "a.b.c.d(a.b[1:2])", ] # TODO: expr_context, slice, boolop, operator, unaryop, cmpop, comprehension # excepthandler, arguments, keywords, alias class AST_Tests(unittest.TestCase): def _assertTrueorder(self, ast_node, parent_pos): if not isinstance(ast_node, ast.AST) or ast_node._fields is None: return if isinstance(ast_node, (ast.expr, ast.stmt, ast.excepthandler)): node_pos = (ast_node.lineno, ast_node.col_offset) self.assertTrue(node_pos >= parent_pos) parent_pos = (ast_node.lineno, ast_node.col_offset) for name in ast_node._fields: value = getattr(ast_node, name) if isinstance(value, list): for child in value: self._assertTrueorder(child, parent_pos) elif value is not None: self._assertTrueorder(value, parent_pos) def test_AST_objects(self): x = ast.AST() self.assertEqual(x._fields, ()) with self.assertRaises(AttributeError): x.vararg with self.assertRaises(AttributeError): x.foobar = 21 with self.assertRaises(AttributeError): ast.AST(lineno=2) with self.assertRaises(TypeError): # "_ast.AST constructor takes 0 positional arguments" ast.AST(2) def test_snippets(self): for input, output, kind in ((exec_tests, exec_results, "exec"), (single_tests, single_results, "single"), (eval_tests, eval_results, "eval")): for i, o in itertools.izip(input, output): ast_tree = compile(i, "?", kind, ast.PyCF_ONLY_AST) self.assertEqual(to_tuple(ast_tree), o) self._assertTrueorder(ast_tree, (0, 0)) def test_slice(self): slc = ast.parse("x[::]").body[0].value.slice self.assertIsNone(slc.upper) self.assertIsNone(slc.lower) self.assertIsInstance(slc.step, ast.Name) self.assertEqual(slc.step.id, "None") def test_from_import(self): im = ast.parse("from . import y").body[0] self.assertIsNone(im.module) def test_non_interned_future_from_ast(self): mod = ast.parse("from __future__ import division") self.assertIsInstance(mod.body[0], ast.ImportFrom) mod.body[0].module = " __future__ ".strip() compile(mod, "<test>", "exec") def test_base_classes(self): self.assertTrue(issubclass(ast.For, ast.stmt)) self.assertTrue(issubclass(ast.Name, ast.expr)) self.assertTrue(issubclass(ast.stmt, ast.AST)) self.assertTrue(issubclass(ast.expr, ast.AST)) self.assertTrue(issubclass(ast.comprehension, ast.AST)) self.assertTrue(issubclass(ast.Gt, ast.AST)) def test_field_attr_existence(self): for name, item in ast.__dict__.iteritems(): if isinstance(item, type) and name != 'AST' and name[0].isupper(): x = item() if isinstance(x, ast.AST): self.assertEqual(type(x._fields), tuple) def test_arguments(self): x = ast.arguments() self.assertEqual(x._fields, ('args', 'vararg', 'kwarg', 'defaults')) with self.assertRaises(AttributeError): x.vararg x = ast.arguments(1, 2, 3, 4) self.assertEqual(x.vararg, 2) def test_field_attr_writable(self): x = ast.Num() # We can assign to _fields x._fields = 666 self.assertEqual(x._fields, 666) def test_classattrs(self): x = ast.Num() self.assertEqual(x._fields, ('n',)) with self.assertRaises(AttributeError): x.n x = ast.Num(42) self.assertEqual(x.n, 42) with self.assertRaises(AttributeError): x.lineno with self.assertRaises(AttributeError): x.foobar x = ast.Num(lineno=2) self.assertEqual(x.lineno, 2) x = ast.Num(42, lineno=0) self.assertEqual(x.lineno, 0) self.assertEqual(x._fields, ('n',)) self.assertEqual(x.n, 42) self.assertRaises(TypeError, ast.Num, 1, 2) self.assertRaises(TypeError, ast.Num, 1, 2, lineno=0) def test_module(self): body = [ast.Num(42)] x = ast.Module(body) self.assertEqual(x.body, body) def test_nodeclasses(self): # Zero arguments constructor explicitely allowed x = ast.BinOp() self.assertEqual(x._fields, ('left', 'op', 'right')) # Random attribute allowed too x.foobarbaz = 5 self.assertEqual(x.foobarbaz, 5) n1 = ast.Num(1) n3 = ast.Num(3) addop = ast.Add() x = ast.BinOp(n1, addop, n3) self.assertEqual(x.left, n1) self.assertEqual(x.op, addop) self.assertEqual(x.right, n3) x = ast.BinOp(1, 2, 3) self.assertEqual(x.left, 1) self.assertEqual(x.op, 2) self.assertEqual(x.right, 3) x = ast.BinOp(1, 2, 3, lineno=0) self.assertEqual(x.left, 1) self.assertEqual(x.op, 2) self.assertEqual(x.right, 3) self.assertEqual(x.lineno, 0) # node raises exception when not given enough arguments self.assertRaises(TypeError, ast.BinOp, 1, 2) # node raises exception when given too many arguments self.assertRaises(TypeError, ast.BinOp, 1, 2, 3, 4) # node raises exception when not given enough arguments self.assertRaises(TypeError, ast.BinOp, 1, 2, lineno=0) # node raises exception when given too many arguments self.assertRaises(TypeError, ast.BinOp, 1, 2, 3, 4, lineno=0) # can set attributes through kwargs too x = ast.BinOp(left=1, op=2, right=3, lineno=0) self.assertEqual(x.left, 1) self.assertEqual(x.op, 2) self.assertEqual(x.right, 3) self.assertEqual(x.lineno, 0) # Random kwargs also allowed x = ast.BinOp(1, 2, 3, foobarbaz=42) self.assertEqual(x.foobarbaz, 42) def test_no_fields(self): # this used to fail because Sub._fields was None x = ast.Sub() self.assertEqual(x._fields, ()) def test_pickling(self): import pickle mods = [pickle] try: import cPickle mods.append(cPickle) except ImportError: pass protocols = [0, 1, 2] for mod in mods: for protocol in protocols: for ast in (compile(i, "?", "exec", 0x400) for i in exec_tests): ast2 = mod.loads(mod.dumps(ast, protocol)) self.assertEqual(to_tuple(ast2), to_tuple(ast)) def test_invalid_identitifer(self): m = ast.Module([ast.Expr(ast.Name(u"x", ast.Load()))]) ast.fix_missing_locations(m) with self.assertRaises(TypeError) as cm: compile(m, "<test>", "exec") self.assertIn("identifier must be of type str", str(cm.exception)) def test_invalid_string(self): m = ast.Module([ast.Expr(ast.Str(43))]) ast.fix_missing_locations(m) with self.assertRaises(TypeError) as cm: compile(m, "<test>", "exec") self.assertIn("string must be of type str or uni", str(cm.exception)) class ASTHelpers_Test(unittest.TestCase): def test_parse(self): a = ast.parse('foo(1 + 1)') b = compile('foo(1 + 1)', '<unknown>', 'exec', ast.PyCF_ONLY_AST) self.assertEqual(ast.dump(a), ast.dump(b)) def test_dump(self): node = ast.parse('spam(eggs, "and cheese")') self.assertEqual(ast.dump(node), "Module(body=[Expr(value=Call(func=Name(id='spam', ctx=Load()), " "args=[Name(id='eggs', ctx=Load()), Str(s='and cheese')], " "keywords=[], starargs=None, kwargs=None))])" ) self.assertEqual(ast.dump(node, annotate_fields=False), "Module([Expr(Call(Name('spam', Load()), [Name('eggs', Load()), " "Str('and cheese')], [], None, None))])" ) self.assertEqual(ast.dump(node, include_attributes=True), "Module(body=[Expr(value=Call(func=Name(id='spam', ctx=Load(), " "lineno=1, col_offset=0), args=[Name(id='eggs', ctx=Load(), " "lineno=1, col_offset=5), Str(s='and cheese', lineno=1, " "col_offset=11)], keywords=[], starargs=None, kwargs=None, " "lineno=1, col_offset=0), lineno=1, col_offset=0)])" ) def test_copy_location(self): src = ast.parse('1 + 1', mode='eval') src.body.right = ast.copy_location(ast.Num(2), src.body.right) self.assertEqual(ast.dump(src, include_attributes=True), 'Expression(body=BinOp(left=Num(n=1, lineno=1, col_offset=0), ' 'op=Add(), right=Num(n=2, lineno=1, col_offset=4), lineno=1, ' 'col_offset=0))' ) def test_fix_missing_locations(self): src = ast.parse('write("spam")') src.body.append(ast.Expr(ast.Call(ast.Name('spam', ast.Load()), [ast.Str('eggs')], [], None, None))) self.assertEqual(src, ast.fix_missing_locations(src)) self.assertEqual(ast.dump(src, include_attributes=True), "Module(body=[Expr(value=Call(func=Name(id='write', ctx=Load(), " "lineno=1, col_offset=0), args=[Str(s='spam', lineno=1, " "col_offset=6)], keywords=[], starargs=None, kwargs=None, " "lineno=1, col_offset=0), lineno=1, col_offset=0), " "Expr(value=Call(func=Name(id='spam', ctx=Load(), lineno=1, " "col_offset=0), args=[Str(s='eggs', lineno=1, col_offset=0)], " "keywords=[], starargs=None, kwargs=None, lineno=1, " "col_offset=0), lineno=1, col_offset=0)])" ) def test_increment_lineno(self): src = ast.parse('1 + 1', mode='eval') self.assertEqual(ast.increment_lineno(src, n=3), src) self.assertEqual(ast.dump(src, include_attributes=True), 'Expression(body=BinOp(left=Num(n=1, lineno=4, col_offset=0), ' 'op=Add(), right=Num(n=1, lineno=4, col_offset=4), lineno=4, ' 'col_offset=0))' ) # issue10869: do not increment lineno of root twice src = ast.parse('1 + 1', mode='eval') self.assertEqual(ast.increment_lineno(src.body, n=3), src.body) self.assertEqual(ast.dump(src, include_attributes=True), 'Expression(body=BinOp(left=Num(n=1, lineno=4, col_offset=0), ' 'op=Add(), right=Num(n=1, lineno=4, col_offset=4), lineno=4, ' 'col_offset=0))' ) def test_iter_fields(self): node = ast.parse('foo()', mode='eval') d = dict(ast.iter_fields(node.body)) self.assertEqual(d.pop('func').id, 'foo') self.assertEqual(d, {'keywords': [], 'kwargs': None, 'args': [], 'starargs': None}) def test_iter_child_nodes(self): node = ast.parse("spam(23, 42, eggs='leek')", mode='eval') self.assertEqual(len(list(ast.iter_child_nodes(node.body))), 4) iterator = ast.iter_child_nodes(node.body) self.assertEqual(next(iterator).id, 'spam') self.assertEqual(next(iterator).n, 23) self.assertEqual(next(iterator).n, 42) self.assertEqual(ast.dump(next(iterator)), "keyword(arg='eggs', value=Str(s='leek'))" ) def test_get_docstring(self): node = ast.parse('def foo():\n """line one\n line two"""') self.assertEqual(ast.get_docstring(node.body[0]), 'line one\nline two') def test_literal_eval(self): self.assertEqual(ast.literal_eval('[1, 2, 3]'), [1, 2, 3]) self.assertEqual(ast.literal_eval('{"foo": 42}'), {"foo": 42}) self.assertEqual(ast.literal_eval('(True, False, None)'), (True, False, None)) self.assertRaises(ValueError, ast.literal_eval, 'foo()') def test_literal_eval_issue4907(self): self.assertEqual(ast.literal_eval('2j'), 2j) self.assertEqual(ast.literal_eval('10 + 2j'), 10 + 2j) self.assertEqual(ast.literal_eval('1.5 - 2j'), 1.5 - 2j) self.assertRaises(ValueError, ast.literal_eval, '2 + (3 + 4j)') def test_main(): with test_support.check_py3k_warnings(("backquote not supported", SyntaxWarning)): test_support.run_unittest(AST_Tests, ASTHelpers_Test) def main(): if __name__ != '__main__': return if sys.argv[1:] == ['-g']: for statements, kind in ((exec_tests, "exec"), (single_tests, "single"), (eval_tests, "eval")): print kind+"_results = [" for s in statements: print repr(to_tuple(compile(s, "?", kind, 0x400)))+"," print "]" print "main()" raise SystemExit test_main() #### EVERYTHING BELOW IS GENERATED ##### exec_results = [ ('Module', [('Expr', (1, 0), ('Name', (1, 0), 'None', ('Load',)))]), ('Module', [('FunctionDef', (1, 0), 'f', ('arguments', [], None, None, []), [('Pass', (1, 9))], [])]), ('Module', [('FunctionDef', (1, 0), 'f', ('arguments', [('Name', (1, 6), 'a', ('Param',))], None, None, []), [('Pass', (1, 10))], [])]), ('Module', [('FunctionDef', (1, 0), 'f', ('arguments', [('Name', (1, 6), 'a', ('Param',))], None, None, [('Num', (1, 8), 0)]), [('Pass', (1, 12))], [])]), ('Module', [('FunctionDef', (1, 0), 'f', ('arguments', [], 'args', None, []), [('Pass', (1, 14))], [])]), ('Module', [('FunctionDef', (1, 0), 'f', ('arguments', [], None, 'kwargs', []), [('Pass', (1, 17))], [])]), ('Module', [('FunctionDef', (1, 0), 'f', ('arguments', [('Name', (1, 6), 'a', ('Param',)), ('Name', (1, 9), 'b', ('Param',)), ('Name', (1, 14), 'c', ('Param',)), ('Name', (1, 22), 'd', ('Param',)), ('Name', (1, 28), 'e', ('Param',))], 'args', 'kwargs', [('Num', (1, 11), 1), ('Name', (1, 16), 'None', ('Load',)), ('List', (1, 24), [], ('Load',)), ('Dict', (1, 30), [], [])]), [('Pass', (1, 52))], [])]), ('Module', [('ClassDef', (1, 0), 'C', [], [('Pass', (1, 8))], [])]), ('Module', [('ClassDef', (1, 0), 'C', [('Name', (1, 8), 'object', ('Load',))], [('Pass', (1, 17))], [])]), ('Module', [('FunctionDef', (1, 0), 'f', ('arguments', [], None, None, []), [('Return', (1, 8), ('Num', (1, 15), 1))], [])]), ('Module', [('Delete', (1, 0), [('Name', (1, 4), 'v', ('Del',))])]), ('Module', [('Assign', (1, 0), [('Name', (1, 0), 'v', ('Store',))], ('Num', (1, 4), 1))]), ('Module', [('AugAssign', (1, 0), ('Name', (1, 0), 'v', ('Store',)), ('Add',), ('Num', (1, 5), 1))]), ('Module', [('Print', (1, 0), ('Name', (1, 8), 'f', ('Load',)), [('Num', (1, 11), 1)], False)]), ('Module', [('For', (1, 0), ('Name', (1, 4), 'v', ('Store',)), ('Name', (1, 9), 'v', ('Load',)), [('Pass', (1, 11))], [])]), ('Module', [('While', (1, 0), ('Name', (1, 6), 'v', ('Load',)), [('Pass', (1, 8))], [])]), ('Module', [('If', (1, 0), ('Name', (1, 3), 'v', ('Load',)), [('Pass', (1, 5))], [])]), ('Module', [('Raise', (1, 0), ('Name', (1, 6), 'Exception', ('Load',)), ('Str', (1, 17), 'string'), None)]), ('Module', [('TryExcept', (1, 0), [('Pass', (2, 2))], [('ExceptHandler', (3, 0), ('Name', (3, 7), 'Exception', ('Load',)), None, [('Pass', (4, 2))])], [])]), ('Module', [('TryFinally', (1, 0), [('Pass', (2, 2))], [('Pass', (4, 2))])]), ('Module', [('Assert', (1, 0), ('Name', (1, 7), 'v', ('Load',)), None)]), ('Module', [('Import', (1, 0), [('alias', 'sys', None)])]), ('Module', [('ImportFrom', (1, 0), 'sys', [('alias', 'v', None)], 0)]), ('Module', [('Exec', (1, 0), ('Str', (1, 5), 'v'), None, None)]), ('Module', [('Global', (1, 0), ['v'])]), ('Module', [('Expr', (1, 0), ('Num', (1, 0), 1))]), ('Module', [('Pass', (1, 0))]), ('Module', [('Break', (1, 0))]), ('Module', [('Continue', (1, 0))]), ('Module', [('For', (1, 0), ('Tuple', (1, 4), [('Name', (1, 4), 'a', ('Store',)), ('Name', (1, 6), 'b', ('Store',))], ('Store',)), ('Name', (1, 11), 'c', ('Load',)), [('Pass', (1, 14))], [])]), ('Module', [('Expr', (1, 0), ('ListComp', (1, 1), ('Tuple', (1, 2), [('Name', (1, 2), 'a', ('Load',)), ('Name', (1, 4), 'b', ('Load',))], ('Load',)), [('comprehension', ('Tuple', (1, 11), [('Name', (1, 11), 'a', ('Store',)), ('Name', (1, 13), 'b', ('Store',))], ('Store',)), ('Name', (1, 18), 'c', ('Load',)), [])]))]), ('Module', [('Expr', (1, 0), ('GeneratorExp', (1, 1), ('Tuple', (1, 2), [('Name', (1, 2), 'a', ('Load',)), ('Name', (1, 4), 'b', ('Load',))], ('Load',)), [('comprehension', ('Tuple', (1, 11), [('Name', (1, 11), 'a', ('Store',)), ('Name', (1, 13), 'b', ('Store',))], ('Store',)), ('Name', (1, 18), 'c', ('Load',)), [])]))]), ('Module', [('Expr', (1, 0), ('GeneratorExp', (1, 1), ('Tuple', (1, 2), [('Name', (1, 2), 'a', ('Load',)), ('Name', (1, 4), 'b', ('Load',))], ('Load',)), [('comprehension', ('Tuple', (1, 12), [('Name', (1, 12), 'a', ('Store',)), ('Name', (1, 14), 'b', ('Store',))], ('Store',)), ('Name', (1, 20), 'c', ('Load',)), [])]))]), ('Module', [('Expr', (1, 0), ('GeneratorExp', (2, 4), ('Tuple', (3, 4), [('Name', (3, 4), 'Aa', ('Load',)), ('Name', (5, 7), 'Bb', ('Load',))], ('Load',)), [('comprehension', ('Tuple', (8, 4), [('Name', (8, 4), 'Aa', ('Store',)), ('Name', (10, 4), 'Bb', ('Store',))], ('Store',)), ('Name', (10, 10), 'Cc', ('Load',)), [])]))]), ('Module', [('Expr', (1, 0), ('DictComp', (1, 1), ('Name', (1, 1), 'a', ('Load',)), ('Name', (1, 5), 'b', ('Load',)), [('comprehension', ('Name', (1, 11), 'w', ('Store',)), ('Name', (1, 16), 'x', ('Load',)), []), ('comprehension', ('Name', (1, 22), 'm', ('Store',)), ('Name', (1, 27), 'p', ('Load',)), [('Name', (1, 32), 'g', ('Load',))])]))]), ('Module', [('Expr', (1, 0), ('DictComp', (1, 1), ('Name', (1, 1), 'a', ('Load',)), ('Name', (1, 5), 'b', ('Load',)), [('comprehension', ('Tuple', (1, 11), [('Name', (1, 11), 'v', ('Store',)), ('Name', (1, 13), 'w', ('Store',))], ('Store',)), ('Name', (1, 18), 'x', ('Load',)), [])]))]), ('Module', [('Expr', (1, 0), ('SetComp', (1, 1), ('Name', (1, 1), 'r', ('Load',)), [('comprehension', ('Name', (1, 7), 'l', ('Store',)), ('Name', (1, 12), 'x', ('Load',)), [('Name', (1, 17), 'g', ('Load',))])]))]), ('Module', [('Expr', (1, 0), ('SetComp', (1, 1), ('Name', (1, 1), 'r', ('Load',)), [('comprehension', ('Tuple', (1, 7), [('Name', (1, 7), 'l', ('Store',)), ('Name', (1, 9), 'm', ('Store',))], ('Store',)), ('Name', (1, 14), 'x', ('Load',)), [])]))]), ] single_results = [ ('Interactive', [('Expr', (1, 0), ('BinOp', (1, 0), ('Num', (1, 0), 1), ('Add',), ('Num', (1, 2), 2)))]), ] eval_results = [ ('Expression', ('Name', (1, 0), 'None', ('Load',))), ('Expression', ('BoolOp', (1, 0), ('And',), [('Name', (1, 0), 'a', ('Load',)), ('Name', (1, 6), 'b', ('Load',))])), ('Expression', ('BinOp', (1, 0), ('Name', (1, 0), 'a', ('Load',)), ('Add',), ('Name', (1, 4), 'b', ('Load',)))), ('Expression', ('UnaryOp', (1, 0), ('Not',), ('Name', (1, 4), 'v', ('Load',)))), ('Expression', ('Lambda', (1, 0), ('arguments', [], None, None, []), ('Name', (1, 7), 'None', ('Load',)))), ('Expression', ('Dict', (1, 0), [('Num', (1, 2), 1)], [('Num', (1, 4), 2)])), ('Expression', ('Dict', (1, 0), [], [])), ('Expression', ('Set', (1, 0), [('Name', (1, 1), 'None', ('Load',))])), ('Expression', ('Dict', (1, 0), [('Num', (2, 6), 1)], [('Num', (4, 10), 2)])), ('Expression', ('ListComp', (1, 1), ('Name', (1, 1), 'a', ('Load',)), [('comprehension', ('Name', (1, 7), 'b', ('Store',)), ('Name', (1, 12), 'c', ('Load',)), [('Name', (1, 17), 'd', ('Load',))])])), ('Expression', ('GeneratorExp', (1, 1), ('Name', (1, 1), 'a', ('Load',)), [('comprehension', ('Name', (1, 7), 'b', ('Store',)), ('Name', (1, 12), 'c', ('Load',)), [('Name', (1, 17), 'd', ('Load',))])])), ('Expression', ('Compare', (1, 0), ('Num', (1, 0), 1), [('Lt',), ('Lt',)], [('Num', (1, 4), 2), ('Num', (1, 8), 3)])), ('Expression', ('Call', (1, 0), ('Name', (1, 0), 'f', ('Load',)), [('Num', (1, 2), 1), ('Num', (1, 4), 2)], [('keyword', 'c', ('Num', (1, 8), 3))], ('Name', (1, 11), 'd', ('Load',)), ('Name', (1, 15), 'e', ('Load',)))), ('Expression', ('Repr', (1, 0), ('Name', (1, 1), 'v', ('Load',)))), ('Expression', ('Num', (1, 0), 10L)), ('Expression', ('Str', (1, 0), 'string')), ('Expression', ('Attribute', (1, 0), ('Name', (1, 0), 'a', ('Load',)), 'b', ('Load',))), ('Expression', ('Subscript', (1, 0), ('Name', (1, 0), 'a', ('Load',)), ('Slice', ('Name', (1, 2), 'b', ('Load',)), ('Name', (1, 4), 'c', ('Load',)), None), ('Load',))), ('Expression', ('Name', (1, 0), 'v', ('Load',))), ('Expression', ('List', (1, 0), [('Num', (1, 1), 1), ('Num', (1, 3), 2), ('Num', (1, 5), 3)], ('Load',))), ('Expression', ('List', (1, 0), [], ('Load',))), ('Expression', ('Tuple', (1, 0), [('Num', (1, 0), 1), ('Num', (1, 2), 2), ('Num', (1, 4), 3)], ('Load',))), ('Expression', ('Tuple', (1, 1), [('Num', (1, 1), 1), ('Num', (1, 3), 2), ('Num', (1, 5), 3)], ('Load',))), ('Expression', ('Tuple', (1, 0), [], ('Load',))), ('Expression', ('Call', (1, 0), ('Attribute', (1, 0), ('Attribute', (1, 0), ('Attribute', (1, 0), ('Name', (1, 0), 'a', ('Load',)), 'b', ('Load',)), 'c', ('Load',)), 'd', ('Load',)), [('Subscript', (1, 8), ('Attribute', (1, 8), ('Name', (1, 8), 'a', ('Load',)), 'b', ('Load',)), ('Slice', ('Num', (1, 12), 1), ('Num', (1, 14), 2), None), ('Load',))], [], None, None)), ] main()