function Get-CapstoneDisassembly {
<#
.SYNOPSIS
Powershell wrapper for Capstone (using inline C#).
.DESCRIPTION
Author: Ruben Boonen (@FuzzySec)
License: BSD 3-Clause
Required Dependencies: None
Optional Dependencies: None
.PARAMETER Architecture
Architecture type.
.PARAMETER Mode
Mode type.
.PARAMETER Bytes
Byte array to be disassembled.
.PARAMETER Syntax
Syntax for output assembly.
.PARAMETER Address
Assign address for the first instruction to be disassembled.
.PARAMETER Detailed
Return detailed output.
.PARAMETER Version
Print ASCII version banner.
.EXAMPLE
C:\PS> $Bytes = [Byte[]] @( 0x10, 0xf1, 0x10, 0xe7, 0x11, 0xf2, 0x31, 0xe7, 0xdc, 0xa1, 0x2e, 0xf3, 0xe8, 0x4e, 0x62, 0xf3 )
C:\PS> Get-CapstoneDisassembly -Architecture CS_ARCH_ARM -Mode CS_MODE_ARM -Bytes $Bytes
sdiv r0, r0, r1
udiv r1, r1, r2
vbit q5, q15, q6
vcgt.f32 q10, q9, q12
.EXAMPLE
# Detailed mode & ATT syntax
C:\PS> $Bytes = [Byte[]] @( 0xB8, 0x0A, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0xF7, 0xF3 )
C:\PS> Get-CapstoneDisassembly -Architecture CS_ARCH_X86 -Mode CS_MODE_32 -Bytes $Bytes -Syntax ATT -Detailed
Size : 5
Address : 0x100000
Mnemonic : movl
Operands : $0xa, %eax
Bytes : {184, 10, 0, 0...}
RegRead :
RegWrite :
Size : 2
Address : 0x100005
Mnemonic : divl
Operands : %ebx
Bytes : {247, 243, 0, 0...}
RegRead : {eax, edx}
RegWrite : {eax, edx, eflags}
.EXAMPLE
# Get-CapstoneDisassembly emits objects
C:\PS> $Bytes = [Byte[]] @( 0xB8, 0x0A, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0xF7, 0xF3 )
C:\PS> $Object = Get-CapstoneDisassembly -Architecture CS_ARCH_X86 -Mode CS_MODE_32 -Bytes $Bytes -Detailed
C:\PS> $Object |Select-Object Size,Mnemonic,Operands
Size Mnemonic Operands
---- -------- --------
5 mov eax, 0xa
2 div ebx
#>
param(
[Parameter(ParameterSetName='Capstone', Mandatory = $True)]
[ValidateSet(
'CS_ARCH_ARM',
'CS_ARCH_ARM64',
'CS_ARCH_MIPS',
'CS_ARCH_X86',
'CS_ARCH_PPC',
'CS_ARCH_SPARC',
'CS_ARCH_SYSZ',
'CS_ARCH_XCORE',
'CS_ARCH_MAX',
'CS_ARCH_ALL')
]
[String]$Architecture,
[Parameter(ParameterSetName='Capstone', Mandatory = $True)]
[ValidateSet(
'CS_MODE_LITTLE_ENDIAN',
'CS_MODE_ARM',
'CS_MODE_16',
'CS_MODE_32',
'CS_MODE_64',
'CS_MODE_THUMB',
'CS_MODE_MCLASS',
'CS_MODE_V8',
'CS_MODE_MICRO',
'CS_MODE_MIPS3',
'CS_MODE_MIPS32R6',
'CS_MODE_MIPSGP64',
'CS_MODE_V9',
'CS_MODE_BIG_ENDIAN',
'CS_MODE_MIPS32',
'CS_MODE_MIPS64')
]
[String]$Mode,
[Parameter(ParameterSetName='Capstone', Mandatory = $True)]
[ValidateNotNullOrEmpty()]
[Byte[]]$Bytes,
[Parameter(ParameterSetName='Capstone', Mandatory = $False)]
[ValidateSet(
'Intel',
'ATT')
]
[String]$Syntax = "Intel",
[Parameter(ParameterSetName='Capstone', Mandatory = $False)]
[UInt64]$Address = 0x100000,
[Parameter(ParameterSetName='Capstone', Mandatory = $False)]
[switch]$Detailed = $null,
[Parameter(ParameterSetName='Version', Mandatory = $False)]
[switch]$Version = $null
)
# Compatibility for PS v2 / PS v3+
if(!$PSScriptRoot) {
$PSScriptRoot = Split-Path $MyInvocation.MyCommand.Path -Parent
}
# Set the capstone DLL path
$DllPath = $($PSScriptRoot + '\Lib\Capstone\capstone.dll').Replace('\','\\')
# Make sure the user didn't forget the DLL
if (![IO.File]::Exists($DllPath)) {
echo "`n[!] Missing Capstone DLL"
echo "[>] Quitting!`n"
Return
}
# Inline C# to parse the unmanaged capstone DLL
Add-Type -TypeDefinition @"
using System;
using System.Diagnostics;
using System.Runtime.InteropServices;
using System.Security.Principal;
[StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential)]
public struct cs_insn
{
public uint id;
public ulong address;
public ushort size;
[MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.ByValArray, SizeConst = 16)]
public byte[] bytes;
[MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.ByValTStr, SizeConst = 32)]
public string mnemonic;
[MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.ByValTStr, SizeConst = 160)]
public string operands;
public IntPtr detail;
}
/// Partial, only architecture-independent internal data
[StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential)]
public struct cs_detail
{
[MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.ByValArray, SizeConst = 12)]
public byte[] regs_read;
public byte regs_read_count;
[MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.ByValArray, SizeConst = 20)]
public byte[] regs_write;
public byte regs_write_count;
[MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.ByValArray, SizeConst = 8)]
public byte[] groups;
public byte groups_count;
}
public enum cs_err : int
{
CS_ERR_OK = 0, /// No error: everything was fine
CS_ERR_MEM, /// Out-Of-Memory error: cs_open(), cs_disasm(), cs_disasm_iter()
CS_ERR_ARCH, /// Unsupported architecture: cs_open()
CS_ERR_HANDLE, /// Invalid handle: cs_op_count(), cs_op_index()
CS_ERR_CSH, /// Invalid csh argument: cs_close(), cs_errno(), cs_option()
CS_ERR_MODE, /// Invalid/unsupported mode: cs_open()
CS_ERR_OPTION, /// Invalid/unsupported option: cs_option()
CS_ERR_DETAIL, /// Information is unavailable because detail option is OFF
CS_ERR_MEMSETUP, /// Dynamic memory management uninitialized (see CS_OPT_MEM)
CS_ERR_VERSION, /// Unsupported version (bindings)
CS_ERR_DIET, /// Access irrelevant data in "diet" engine
CS_ERR_SKIPDATA, /// Access irrelevant data for "data" instruction in SKIPDATA mode
CS_ERR_X86_ATT, /// X86 AT&T syntax is unsupported (opt-out at compile time)
CS_ERR_X86_INTEL, /// X86 Intel syntax is unsupported (opt-out at compile time)
}
public enum cs_arch : int
{
CS_ARCH_ARM = 0, /// ARM architecture (including Thumb, Thumb-2)
CS_ARCH_ARM64, /// ARM-64, also called AArch64
CS_ARCH_MIPS, /// Mips architecture
CS_ARCH_X86, /// X86 architecture (including x86 & x86-64)
CS_ARCH_PPC, /// PowerPC architecture
CS_ARCH_SPARC, /// Sparc architecture
CS_ARCH_SYSZ, /// SystemZ architecture
CS_ARCH_XCORE, /// XCore architecture
CS_ARCH_MAX,
CS_ARCH_ALL = 0xFFFF, /// All architectures - for cs_support()
}
public enum cs_mode : int
{
CS_MODE_LITTLE_ENDIAN = 0, /// little-endian mode (default mode)
CS_MODE_ARM = 0, /// 32-bit ARM
CS_MODE_16 = 1 << 1, /// 16-bit mode (X86)
CS_MODE_32 = 1 << 2, /// 32-bit mode (X86)
CS_MODE_64 = 1 << 3, /// 64-bit mode (X86, PPC)
CS_MODE_THUMB = 1 << 4, /// ARM's Thumb mode, including Thumb-2
CS_MODE_MCLASS = 1 << 5, /// ARM's Cortex-M series
CS_MODE_V8 = 1 << 6, /// ARMv8 A32 encodings for ARM
CS_MODE_MICRO = 1 << 4, /// MicroMips mode (MIPS)
CS_MODE_MIPS3 = 1 << 5, /// Mips III ISA
CS_MODE_MIPS32R6 = 1 << 6, /// Mips32r6 ISA
CS_MODE_MIPSGP64 = 1 << 7, /// General Purpose Registers are 64-bit wide (MIPS)
CS_MODE_V9 = 1 << 4, /// SparcV9 mode (Sparc)
CS_MODE_BIG_ENDIAN = 1 << 31, /// big-endian mode
CS_MODE_MIPS32 = CS_MODE_32, /// Mips32 ISA (Mips)
CS_MODE_MIPS64 = CS_MODE_64, /// Mips64 ISA (Mips)
}
public static class Capstone
{
[DllImport("$DllPath")]
public static extern cs_err cs_open(
cs_arch arch,
cs_mode mode,
ref IntPtr handle);
[DllImport("$DllPath")]
public static extern UInt32 cs_disasm(
IntPtr handle,
byte[] code,
int code_size,
ulong address,
int count,
ref IntPtr insn);
[DllImport("$DllPath")]
public static extern bool cs_free(
IntPtr insn,
int count);
[DllImport("$DllPath")]
public static extern cs_err cs_close(
ref IntPtr handle);
[DllImport("$DllPath")]
public static extern cs_err cs_option(
IntPtr handle,
int type,
int value);
[DllImport("$DllPath", CallingConvention = CallingConvention.Cdecl)]
public static extern IntPtr cs_reg_name(
IntPtr handle,
uint reg_id);
[DllImport("$DllPath")]
public static extern int cs_version(
uint major,
uint minor);
}
"@
if ($Version){
$VerCount = [System.BitConverter]::GetBytes($([Capstone]::cs_version($null,$null)))
$Banner = @"
(((;
(; "((((\
;((((((; "((((;
((((""\(((( "((((
((((" ((\ "(((( "(((\
;(((/ ((((((( "(((( \(((
((((" (((* "(((( \(((;"(((\
((((";((("/(( \(((;"(((\"(((\
(((( (((( ((((" "(((\ ((() (((\
;((("(((( (((* **"" ((()"(((;
(((" ((( (((( ((((((((((((((:*(((
(((( (((*)((( ********"""" ;;(((((;
(((* ((( (((((((((((((((((((((*"" (
((("(((( """***********"""" ;;(((((
"" (((((((((((((((((((((((((((*""
"""****(((((****"""
-=[Capstone Engine v$($VerCount[1]).$($VerCount[0])]=-
"@
# Mmm ASCII version banner!
$Banner
Return
}
# Disasm Handle
$DisAsmHandle = [IntPtr]::Zero
# Initialize Capstone with cs_open()
$CallResult = [Capstone]::cs_open($Architecture,$Mode,[ref]$DisAsmHandle)
if ($CallResult -ne "CS_ERR_OK") {
if ($CallResult -eq "CS_ERR_MODE"){
echo "`n[!] Invalid Architecture/Mode combination"
echo "[>] Quitting..`n"
} else {
echo "`n[!] cs_open error: $CallResult"
echo "[>] Quitting..`n"
}
Return
}
# Set disassembly syntax
#---
# cs_opt_type -> CS_OPT_SYNTAX = 1
#---
# cs_opt_value -> CS_OPT_SYNTAX_INTEL = 1
# -> CS_OPT_SYNTAX_ATT = 2
if ($Syntax -eq "Intel") {
$CS_OPT_SYNTAX = 1
} else {
$CS_OPT_SYNTAX = 2
}
$CallResult = [Capstone]::cs_option($DisAsmHandle, 1, $CS_OPT_SYNTAX)
if ($CallResult -ne "CS_ERR_OK") {
echo "`n[!] cs_option error: $CallResult"
echo "[>] Quitting..`n"
$CallResult = [Capstone]::cs_close([ref]$DisAsmHandle)
Return
}
# Set disassembly detail
#---
# cs_opt_type -> CS_OPT_DETAIL = 2
#---
# cs_opt_value -> CS_OPT_ON = 3
# -> CS_OPT_OFF = 0
if ($Detailed) {
$CS_OPT = 3
} else {
$CS_OPT = 0
}
$CallResult = [Capstone]::cs_option($DisAsmHandle, 2, $CS_OPT)
if ($CallResult -ne "CS_ERR_OK") {
echo "`n[!] cs_option error: $CallResult"
echo "[>] Quitting..`n"
$CallResult = [Capstone]::cs_close([ref]$DisAsmHandle)
Return
}
# Out Buffer Handle
$InsnHandle = [IntPtr]::Zero
# Disassemble bytes
$Count = [Capstone]::cs_disasm($DisAsmHandle, $Bytes, $Bytes.Count, $Address, 0, [ref]$InsnHandle)
if ($Count -gt 0) {
# Result Array
$Disasm = @()
# Result struct
$cs_insn = New-Object cs_insn
$cs_insn_size = [System.Runtime.InteropServices.Marshal]::SizeOf($cs_insn)
$cs_insn = $cs_insn.GetType()
# Result detail struct
$cs_detail = New-Object cs_detail
$cs_detail = $cs_detail.GetType()
# Result buffer offset
$BuffOffset = $InsnHandle.ToInt64()
for ($i=0; $i -lt $Count; $i++) {
# Cast Offset to cs_insn
$InsnPointer = New-Object System.Intptr -ArgumentList $BuffOffset
$Cast = [system.runtime.interopservices.marshal]::PtrToStructure($InsnPointer,[type]$cs_insn)
if ($CS_OPT -eq 0) {
$HashTable = @{
Address = echo "0x$("{0:X}" -f $Cast.address)"
Instruction = echo "$($Cast.mnemonic) $($Cast.operands)"
}
$Object = New-Object PSObject -Property $HashTable
$Disasm += $Object |Select-Object Address,Instruction
} else {
$DetailCast = [system.runtime.interopservices.marshal]::PtrToStructure($Cast.detail,[type]$cs_detail)
if($DetailCast.regs_read_count -gt 0) {
$RegRead = @()
for ($r=0; $r -lt $DetailCast.regs_read_count; $r++) {
$NamePointer = [Capstone]::cs_reg_name($DisAsmHandle, $DetailCast.regs_read[$r])
$RegRead += [System.Runtime.InteropServices.Marshal]::PtrToStringAnsi($NamePointer)
}
}
if ($DetailCast.regs_write_count -gt 0) {
$RegWrite = @()
for ($r=0; $r -lt $DetailCast.regs_write_count; $r++) {
$NamePointer = [Capstone]::cs_reg_name($DisAsmHandle, $DetailCast.regs_write[$r])
$RegWrite += [System.Runtime.InteropServices.Marshal]::PtrToStringAnsi($NamePointer)
}
}
$HashTable = @{
Address = echo "0x$("{0:X}" -f $Cast.address)"
Mnemonic = $Cast.mnemonic
Operands = $Cast.operands
Bytes = $Cast.bytes
Size = $Cast.size
RegRead = $RegRead
RegWrite = $RegWrite
}
$Object = New-Object PSObject -Property $HashTable
$Disasm += $Object |Select-Object Size,Address,Mnemonic,Operands,Bytes,RegRead,RegWrite
}
$BuffOffset = $BuffOffset + $cs_insn_size
}
} else {
echo "`n[!] Disassembly Failed"
echo "[>] Quitting..`n"
$CallResult = [Capstone]::cs_close([ref]$DisAsmHandle)
Return
}
# Print result
$Disasm
# Free Buffer Handle
$CallResult = [Capstone]::cs_free($InsnHandle, $Count)
}