#!/usr/bin/env python3
import os
import re
import sys
import tempfile
import unittest
sys.path.append(os.path.dirname(os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__))))
from compat import StringIO, patch
from utils import GraphBuilder
from vndk_definition_tool import (
ELF, ELFLinker, GenericRefs, PT_SYSTEM, PT_VENDOR, VNDKLibDir)
SCRIPT_DIR = os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__))
class ELFLinkerTest(unittest.TestCase):
def _create_normal_graph(self):
gb = GraphBuilder()
gb.add_multilib(PT_SYSTEM, 'libdl',
exported_symbols={'dlclose', 'dlopen', 'dlsym'})
gb.add_multilib(PT_SYSTEM, 'libm', exported_symbols={'cos', 'sin'})
gb.add_multilib(PT_SYSTEM, 'libc', dt_needed=['libdl.so', 'libm.so'],
exported_symbols={'fclose', 'fopen', 'fread'},
imported_symbols={'dlclose', 'dlopen', 'cos', 'sin'})
gb.add_multilib(PT_SYSTEM, 'libRS', dt_needed=['libdl.so'],
exported_symbols={'rsContextCreate'},
imported_symbols={'dlclose', 'dlopen', 'dlsym'})
gb.add_multilib(PT_SYSTEM, 'libcutils',
dt_needed=['libc.so', 'libdl.so'],
imported_symbols={'dlclose', 'dlopen', 'fclose',
'fopen'})
gb.add_multilib(PT_VENDOR, 'libEGL',
dt_needed=['libc.so', 'libcutils.so', 'libdl.so'],
exported_symbols={'eglGetDisplay'},
imported_symbols={'fclose', 'fopen'})
gb.resolve()
return gb
def _get_paths_from_nodes(self, nodes):
return sorted([node.path for node in nodes])
def test_get_lib(self):
gb = self._create_normal_graph()
graph = gb.graph
node = graph.get_lib('/system/lib/libc.so')
self.assertEqual(gb.libc_32, node)
self.assertEqual('/system/lib/libc.so', node.path)
node = graph.get_lib('/system/lib64/libdl.so')
self.assertEqual(gb.libdl_64, node)
self.assertEqual('/system/lib64/libdl.so', node.path)
node = graph.get_lib('/vendor/lib64/libEGL.so')
self.assertEqual(gb.libEGL_64, node)
self.assertEqual('/vendor/lib64/libEGL.so', node.path)
self.assertEqual(None, graph.get_lib('/no/such/path.so'))
def test_map_paths_to_libs(self):
gb = self._create_normal_graph()
graph = gb.graph
bad = []
paths = ['/system/lib/libc.so', '/system/lib/libdl.so']
nodes = graph.get_libs(paths, bad.append)
self.assertEqual([], bad)
self.assertEqual(2, len(nodes))
self.assertEqual(paths, self._get_paths_from_nodes(nodes))
bad = []
paths = ['/no/such/path.so', '/system/lib64/libdl.so']
nodes = graph.get_libs(paths, bad.append)
self.assertEqual(['/no/such/path.so'], bad)
self.assertEqual(['/system/lib64/libdl.so'],
self._get_paths_from_nodes(nodes))
def test_elf_class_and_partitions(self):
gb = self._create_normal_graph()
graph = gb.graph
self.assertEqual(5, len(graph.lib_pt[PT_SYSTEM].lib32))
self.assertEqual(5, len(graph.lib_pt[PT_SYSTEM].lib64))
self.assertEqual(1, len(graph.lib_pt[PT_VENDOR].lib32))
self.assertEqual(1, len(graph.lib_pt[PT_VENDOR].lib64))
def test_deps(self):
gb = self._create_normal_graph()
graph = gb.graph
# Check the dependencies of libc.so.
node = gb.graph.get_lib('/system/lib/libc.so')
self.assertEqual(['/system/lib/libdl.so', '/system/lib/libm.so'],
self._get_paths_from_nodes(node.deps_all))
# Check the dependencies of libRS.so.
node = gb.graph.get_lib('/system/lib64/libRS.so')
self.assertEqual(['/system/lib64/libdl.so'],
self._get_paths_from_nodes(node.deps_all))
# Check the dependencies of libEGL.so.
node = gb.graph.get_lib('/vendor/lib64/libEGL.so')
self.assertEqual(['/system/lib64/libc.so', '/system/lib64/libcutils.so',
'/system/lib64/libdl.so'],
self._get_paths_from_nodes(node.deps_all))
def test_linked_symbols(self):
gb = self._create_normal_graph()
graph = gb.graph
# Check the unresolved symbols.
for lib_set in graph.lib_pt:
for lib in lib_set.values():
self.assertEqual(set(), lib.unresolved_symbols)
# Check the linked symbols.
for lib in ('lib', 'lib64'):
libdl = graph.get_lib('/system/' + lib + '/libdl.so')
libm = graph.get_lib('/system/' + lib + '/libm.so')
libc = graph.get_lib('/system/' + lib + '/libc.so')
libRS = graph.get_lib('/system/' + lib + '/libRS.so')
libcutils = \
graph.get_lib('/system/' + lib + '/libcutils.so')
libEGL = graph.get_lib('/vendor/' + lib + '/libEGL.so')
# Check the linked symbols for libc.so.
self.assertIs(libdl, libc.linked_symbols['dlclose'])
self.assertIs(libdl, libc.linked_symbols['dlopen'])
self.assertIs(libm, libc.linked_symbols['cos'])
self.assertIs(libm, libc.linked_symbols['sin'])
# Check the linked symbols for libRS.so.
self.assertIs(libdl, libRS.linked_symbols['dlclose'])
self.assertIs(libdl, libRS.linked_symbols['dlopen'])
self.assertIs(libdl, libRS.linked_symbols['dlsym'])
# Check the linked symbols for libcutils.so.
self.assertIs(libdl, libcutils.linked_symbols['dlclose'])
self.assertIs(libdl, libcutils.linked_symbols['dlopen'])
self.assertIs(libc, libcutils.linked_symbols['fclose'])
self.assertIs(libc, libcutils.linked_symbols['fopen'])
# Check the linked symbols for libEGL.so.
self.assertIs(libc, libEGL.linked_symbols['fclose'])
self.assertIs(libc, libEGL.linked_symbols['fopen'])
def test_unresolved_symbols(self):
gb = GraphBuilder()
gb.add_lib(PT_SYSTEM, ELF.ELFCLASS64, 'libfoo', dt_needed=[],
exported_symbols={'foo', 'bar'},
imported_symbols={'__does_not_exist'})
gb.resolve()
lib = gb.graph.get_lib('/system/lib64/libfoo.so')
self.assertEqual({'__does_not_exist'}, lib.unresolved_symbols)
def test_users(self):
gb = self._create_normal_graph()
graph = gb.graph
# Check the users of libc.so.
node = graph.get_lib('/system/lib/libc.so')
self.assertEqual(['/system/lib/libcutils.so', '/vendor/lib/libEGL.so'],
self._get_paths_from_nodes(node.users_all))
# Check the users of libdl.so.
node = graph.get_lib('/system/lib/libdl.so')
self.assertEqual(['/system/lib/libRS.so', '/system/lib/libc.so',
'/system/lib/libcutils.so', '/vendor/lib/libEGL.so'],
self._get_paths_from_nodes(node.users_all))
# Check the users of libRS.so.
node = graph.get_lib('/system/lib64/libRS.so')
self.assertEqual([], self._get_paths_from_nodes(node.users_all))
# Check the users of libEGL.so.
node = graph.get_lib('/vendor/lib64/libEGL.so')
self.assertEqual([], self._get_paths_from_nodes(node.users_all))
def test_compute_predefined_sp_hal(self):
gb = GraphBuilder()
# HIDL SP-HAL implementation.
gb.add_multilib(PT_SYSTEM, 'gralloc.default', extra_dir='hw')
gb.add_multilib(PT_SYSTEM, 'gralloc.chipset', extra_dir='hw')
gb.add_multilib(PT_SYSTEM, 'android.hardware.graphics.mapper@2.0-impl',
extra_dir='hw')
# NDK loader libraries should not be considered as SP-HALs.
gb.add_multilib(PT_SYSTEM, 'libvulkan')
gb.add_multilib(PT_SYSTEM, 'libEGL')
gb.add_multilib(PT_SYSTEM, 'libGLESv1_CM')
gb.add_multilib(PT_SYSTEM, 'libGLESv2')
gb.add_multilib(PT_SYSTEM, 'libGLESv3')
# OpenGL implementation.
gb.add_multilib(PT_VENDOR, 'libEGL_chipset', extra_dir='egl')
gb.add_multilib(PT_VENDOR, 'libGLES_chipset', extra_dir='egl')
gb.add_multilib(PT_VENDOR, 'libGLESv1_CM_chipset', extra_dir='egl')
gb.add_multilib(PT_VENDOR, 'libGLESv2_chipset', extra_dir='egl')
gb.add_multilib(PT_VENDOR, 'libGLESv3_chipset', extra_dir='egl')
# Renderscript implementation.
gb.add_multilib(PT_VENDOR, 'libRSDriver_chipset')
gb.add_multilib(PT_VENDOR, 'libPVRRS')
# Vulkan implementation.
gb.add_multilib(PT_VENDOR, 'vulkan.chipset', extra_dir='hw')
# Some un-related libraries.
gb.add_multilib(PT_SYSTEM, 'libfoo')
gb.add_multilib(PT_VENDOR, 'libfoo')
gb.resolve()
# Compute SP-HAL.
sp_hals = set(lib.path for lib in gb.graph.compute_predefined_sp_hal())
for lib in ('lib', 'lib64'):
# Check HIDL SP-HAL implementation.
self.assertIn('/system/' + lib + '/hw/gralloc.default.so', sp_hals)
self.assertIn('/system/' + lib + '/hw/gralloc.chipset.so', sp_hals)
self.assertIn('/system/' + lib + '/hw/'
'android.hardware.graphics.mapper@2.0-impl.so',
sp_hals)
# Check that NDK loaders are not SP-HALs.
self.assertNotIn('/system/' + lib + '/libvulkan.so', sp_hals)
self.assertNotIn('/system/' + lib + '/libEGL.so', sp_hals)
self.assertNotIn('/system/' + lib + '/libGLESv1_CM.so', sp_hals)
self.assertNotIn('/system/' + lib + '/libGLESv2.so', sp_hals)
self.assertNotIn('/system/' + lib + '/libGLESv3.so', sp_hals)
# Check that OpenGL implementations are SP-HALs.
self.assertIn('/vendor/' + lib + '/egl/libEGL_chipset.so', sp_hals)
self.assertIn('/vendor/' + lib + '/egl/libGLES_chipset.so',
sp_hals)
self.assertIn('/vendor/' + lib + '/egl/libGLESv1_CM_chipset.so',
sp_hals)
self.assertIn('/vendor/' + lib + '/egl/libGLESv2_chipset.so',
sp_hals)
self.assertIn('/vendor/' + lib + '/egl/libGLESv3_chipset.so',
sp_hals)
# Check that Renderscript implementations are SP-HALs.
self.assertIn('/vendor/' + lib + '/libRSDriver_chipset.so', sp_hals)
self.assertIn('/vendor/' + lib + '/libPVRRS.so', sp_hals)
# Check that vulkan implementation are SP-HALs.
self.assertIn('/vendor/' + lib + '/libPVRRS.so', sp_hals)
# Check that un-related libraries are not SP-HALs.
self.assertNotIn('/system/' + lib + '/libfoo.so', sp_hals)
self.assertNotIn('/vendor/' + lib + '/libfoo.so', sp_hals)
def test_compute_sp_lib(self):
# Create graph.
gb = GraphBuilder()
# LL-NDK (should be excluded from result)
gb.add_multilib(PT_SYSTEM, 'libc')
libEGL_32, libEGL_64 = \
gb.add_multilib(PT_SYSTEM, 'libEGL',
dt_needed=['libc.so', 'libutils.so'])
# LL-NDK dependencies
gb.add_multilib(PT_SYSTEM, 'libutils',
dt_needed=['libc.so', 'libcutils.so'])
# VNDK-SP used by both LL-NDK and SP-HAL
gb.add_multilib(PT_SYSTEM, 'libsp_both_vs')
# VNDK-SP used by LL-NDK
gb.add_multilib(PT_SYSTEM, 'libcutils_dep', dt_needed=['libc.so'])
gb.add_multilib(PT_SYSTEM, 'libcutils',
dt_needed=['libc.so', 'libcutils_dep.so',
'libsp_both_vs.so'])
# VNDK-SP used by SP-HAL
gb.add_multilib(PT_SYSTEM, 'libhidlbase')
gb.add_multilib(PT_SYSTEM, 'libhidlmemory',
dt_needed=['libhidlbase.so', 'libsp_both_vs.so'])
# SP-HAL dependencies
gb.add_multilib(PT_VENDOR, 'libllvm_vendor_dep')
gb.add_multilib(PT_VENDOR, 'libllvm_vendor',
dt_needed=['libc.so', 'libllvm_vendor_dep.so'])
# SP-HAL
libEGL_chipset_32, libEGL_chipset_64 = \
gb.add_multilib(PT_VENDOR, 'libEGL_chipset', extra_dir='egl',
dt_needed=['libc.so', 'libllvm_vendor.so',
'libhidlmemory.so'])
gb.resolve()
# Add dlopen() dependencies from libEGL to libEGL_chipset.
libEGL_32.add_dlopen_dep(libEGL_chipset_32)
libEGL_64.add_dlopen_dep(libEGL_chipset_64)
# Create generic reference.
class MockGenericRefs(object):
def classify_lib(self, lib):
if 'libllvm_vendor' in lib.path:
return GenericRefs.NEW_LIB
return GenericRefs.EXPORT_EQUAL
sp_lib = gb.graph.compute_sp_lib(MockGenericRefs())
self.assertEqual(2 * 1, len(sp_lib.sp_hal))
self.assertEqual(2 * 2, len(sp_lib.sp_hal_dep))
self.assertEqual(2 * 2, len(sp_lib.vndk_sp_hal))
self.assertEqual(2 * 2, len(sp_lib.ll_ndk))
self.assertEqual(2 * 3, len(sp_lib.ll_ndk_indirect))
self.assertEqual(2 * 1, len(sp_lib.vndk_sp_both))
sp_hal = self._get_paths_from_nodes(sp_lib.sp_hal)
sp_hal_dep = self._get_paths_from_nodes(sp_lib.sp_hal_dep)
vndk_sp_hal = self._get_paths_from_nodes(sp_lib.vndk_sp_hal)
ll_ndk = self._get_paths_from_nodes(sp_lib.ll_ndk)
ll_ndk_indirect = self._get_paths_from_nodes(sp_lib.ll_ndk_indirect)
vndk_sp_both = self._get_paths_from_nodes(sp_lib.vndk_sp_both)
for lib_dir in ('lib', 'lib64'):
# VNDK-SP used by both LL-NDK and SP-HAL
self.assertIn('/system/{}/libsp_both_vs.so'.format(lib_dir),
vndk_sp_both)
# VNDK-SP used by LL-NDK
self.assertIn('/system/{}/libcutils.so'.format(lib_dir),
ll_ndk_indirect)
self.assertIn('/system/{}/libcutils_dep.so'.format(lib_dir),
ll_ndk_indirect)
self.assertIn('/system/{}/libutils.so'.format(lib_dir),
ll_ndk_indirect)
# VNDK-SP used by SP-HAL
self.assertIn('/system/{}/libhidlbase.so'.format(lib_dir),
vndk_sp_hal)
self.assertIn('/system/{}/libhidlmemory.so'.format(lib_dir),
vndk_sp_hal)
# SP-HAL dependencies
self.assertIn('/vendor/{}/libllvm_vendor.so'.format(lib_dir),
sp_hal_dep)
self.assertIn('/vendor/{}/libllvm_vendor_dep.so'.format(lib_dir),
sp_hal_dep)
# SP-HAL
self.assertIn('/vendor/{}/egl/libEGL_chipset.so'.format(lib_dir),
sp_hal)
# LL-NDK
self.assertIn('/system/{}/libEGL.so'.format(lib_dir), ll_ndk)
self.assertIn('/system/{}/libc.so'.format(lib_dir), ll_ndk)
# LL-NDK must not in sp_hal, sp_hal_dep, and vndk_sp_hal.
libc_path = '/system/{}/libc.so'.format(lib_dir)
self.assertNotIn(libc_path, sp_hal)
self.assertNotIn(libc_path, sp_hal_dep)
self.assertNotIn(libc_path, vndk_sp_hal)
self.assertNotIn(libc_path, ll_ndk_indirect)
def test_link_vndk_ver_dirs(self):
gb = GraphBuilder()
libc_32, libc_64 = gb.add_multilib(PT_SYSTEM, 'libc')
libvndk_a_32, libvndk_a_64 = gb.add_multilib(
PT_SYSTEM, 'libvndk_a', extra_dir='vndk-28',
dt_needed=['libc.so', 'libvndk_b.so', 'libvndk_sp_b.so'])
libvndk_b_32, libvndk_b_64 = gb.add_multilib(
PT_SYSTEM, 'libvndk_b', extra_dir='vndk-28',
dt_needed=['libc.so', 'libvndk_sp_b.so'])
libvndk_c_32, libvndk_c_64 = gb.add_multilib(
PT_VENDOR, 'libvndk_c', extra_dir='vndk-28',
dt_needed=['libc.so', 'libvndk_d.so', 'libvndk_sp_d.so'])
libvndk_d_32, libvndk_d_64 = gb.add_multilib(
PT_VENDOR, 'libvndk_d', extra_dir='vndk-28',
dt_needed=['libc.so', 'libvndk_sp_d.so'])
libvndk_sp_a_32, libvndk_sp_a_64 = gb.add_multilib(
PT_SYSTEM, 'libvndk_sp_a', extra_dir='vndk-sp-28',
dt_needed=['libc.so', 'libvndk_sp_b.so'])
libvndk_sp_b_32, libvndk_sp_b_64 = gb.add_multilib(
PT_SYSTEM, 'libvndk_sp_b', extra_dir='vndk-sp-28',
dt_needed=['libc.so'])
libvndk_sp_c_32, libvndk_sp_c_64 = gb.add_multilib(
PT_VENDOR, 'libvndk_sp_c', extra_dir='vndk-sp-28',
dt_needed=['libc.so', 'libvndk_sp_d.so'])
libvndk_sp_d_32, libvndk_sp_d_64 = gb.add_multilib(
PT_VENDOR, 'libvndk_sp_d', extra_dir='vndk-sp-28',
dt_needed=['libc.so'])
gb.resolve(VNDKLibDir.create_from_version('28'), '28')
# 32-bit shared libraries
self.assertIn(libc_32, libvndk_a_32.deps_all)
self.assertIn(libc_32, libvndk_b_32.deps_all)
self.assertIn(libc_32, libvndk_c_32.deps_all)
self.assertIn(libc_32, libvndk_d_32.deps_all)
self.assertIn(libc_32, libvndk_sp_a_32.deps_all)
self.assertIn(libc_32, libvndk_sp_b_32.deps_all)
self.assertIn(libc_32, libvndk_sp_c_32.deps_all)
self.assertIn(libc_32, libvndk_sp_d_32.deps_all)
self.assertIn(libvndk_b_32, libvndk_a_32.deps_all)
self.assertIn(libvndk_sp_b_32, libvndk_a_32.deps_all)
self.assertIn(libvndk_sp_b_32, libvndk_b_32.deps_all)
self.assertIn(libvndk_sp_b_32, libvndk_sp_a_32.deps_all)
self.assertIn(libvndk_d_32, libvndk_c_32.deps_all)
self.assertIn(libvndk_sp_d_32, libvndk_c_32.deps_all)
self.assertIn(libvndk_sp_d_32, libvndk_d_32.deps_all)
self.assertIn(libvndk_sp_d_32, libvndk_sp_c_32.deps_all)
# 64-bit shared libraries
self.assertIn(libc_64, libvndk_a_64.deps_all)
self.assertIn(libc_64, libvndk_b_64.deps_all)
self.assertIn(libc_64, libvndk_c_64.deps_all)
self.assertIn(libc_64, libvndk_d_64.deps_all)
self.assertIn(libc_64, libvndk_sp_a_64.deps_all)
self.assertIn(libc_64, libvndk_sp_b_64.deps_all)
self.assertIn(libc_64, libvndk_sp_c_64.deps_all)
self.assertIn(libc_64, libvndk_sp_d_64.deps_all)
self.assertIn(libvndk_b_64, libvndk_a_64.deps_all)
self.assertIn(libvndk_sp_b_64, libvndk_a_64.deps_all)
self.assertIn(libvndk_sp_b_64, libvndk_b_64.deps_all)
self.assertIn(libvndk_sp_b_64, libvndk_sp_a_64.deps_all)
self.assertIn(libvndk_d_64, libvndk_c_64.deps_all)
self.assertIn(libvndk_sp_d_64, libvndk_c_64.deps_all)
self.assertIn(libvndk_sp_d_64, libvndk_d_64.deps_all)
self.assertIn(libvndk_sp_d_64, libvndk_sp_c_64.deps_all)
class ELFLinkerDlopenDepsTest(unittest.TestCase):
def test_add_dlopen_deps(self):
gb = GraphBuilder()
liba = gb.add_lib32(PT_SYSTEM, 'liba')
libb = gb.add_lib32(PT_SYSTEM, 'libb')
gb.resolve()
with tempfile.NamedTemporaryFile(mode='w') as tmp_file:
tmp_file.write('/system/lib/liba.so: /system/lib/libb.so')
tmp_file.seek(0)
gb.graph.add_dlopen_deps(tmp_file.name)
self.assertIn(libb, liba.deps_dlopen)
self.assertIn(liba, libb.users_dlopen)
self.assertNotIn(libb, liba.deps_needed)
self.assertNotIn(liba, libb.users_needed)
def test_add_dlopen_deps_lib_subst(self):
gb = GraphBuilder()
liba_32, liba_64 = gb.add_multilib(PT_SYSTEM, 'liba')
libb_32, libb_64 = gb.add_multilib(PT_SYSTEM, 'libb')
gb.resolve()
with tempfile.NamedTemporaryFile(mode='w') as tmp_file:
tmp_file.write('/system/${LIB}/liba.so: /system/${LIB}/libb.so')
tmp_file.seek(0)
gb.graph.add_dlopen_deps(tmp_file.name)
self.assertIn(libb_32, liba_32.deps_dlopen)
self.assertIn(liba_32, libb_32.users_dlopen)
self.assertIn(libb_64, liba_64.deps_dlopen)
self.assertIn(liba_64, libb_64.users_dlopen)
def test_add_dlopen_deps_lib_subset_single_bitness(self):
gb = GraphBuilder()
liba_32, liba_64 = gb.add_multilib(PT_SYSTEM, 'liba')
libb_32 = gb.add_lib32(PT_SYSTEM, 'libb')
gb.resolve()
with tempfile.NamedTemporaryFile(mode='w') as tmp_file:
tmp_file.write('/system/${LIB}/libb.so: /system/${LIB}/liba.so')
tmp_file.seek(0)
stderr = StringIO()
with patch('sys.stderr', stderr):
gb.graph.add_dlopen_deps(tmp_file.name)
self.assertEqual('', stderr.getvalue())
self.assertIn(liba_32, libb_32.deps_dlopen)
self.assertIn(libb_32, liba_32.users_dlopen)
self.assertEqual(0, len(liba_64.users_dlopen))
def test_add_dlopen_deps_regex(self):
gb = GraphBuilder()
liba = gb.add_lib32(PT_SYSTEM, 'liba')
libb = gb.add_lib32(PT_SYSTEM, 'libb')
gb.resolve()
with tempfile.NamedTemporaryFile(mode='w') as tmp_file:
tmp_file.write('[regex].*libb\\.so: [regex].*/${LIB}/liba\\.so')
tmp_file.seek(0)
stderr = StringIO()
with patch('sys.stderr', stderr):
gb.graph.add_dlopen_deps(tmp_file.name)
self.assertEqual('', stderr.getvalue())
self.assertIn(liba, libb.deps_dlopen)
self.assertIn(libb, liba.users_dlopen)
def test_add_dlopen_deps_error(self):
gb = GraphBuilder()
liba = gb.add_lib32(PT_SYSTEM, 'liba')
libb = gb.add_lib32(PT_SYSTEM, 'libb')
gb.resolve()
with tempfile.NamedTemporaryFile(mode='w') as tmp_file:
tmp_file.write('/system/lib/libc.so: /system/lib/libd.so')
tmp_file.seek(0)
stderr = StringIO()
with patch('sys.stderr', stderr):
gb.graph.add_dlopen_deps(tmp_file.name)
self.assertRegexpMatches(
stderr.getvalue(),
'error:' + re.escape(tmp_file.name) + ':1: ' +
'Failed to add dlopen dependency from .* to .*\\.\n')
if __name__ == '__main__':
unittest.main()