onboarding.jd - Android社区 - https://www.androidos.net.cn/

page.title=Introducing First-time Users to Your App
page.tags=tv,onboarding,OnboardingFragment
page.keywords=tv,onboarding,OnboardingFragment
helpoutsWidget=true

trainingnavtop=true

@jd:body

<div id="tb-wrapper">
<div id="tb">
  <h2>This lesson teaches you to</h2>
  <ol>
    <li><a href="#addFragment">Add an OnboardingFragment</a></li>
    <li><a href="#pageContent">Add OnboardingFragment Pages</a></li>
    <li><a href="#logoScreen">Add an Initial Logo Screen</a></li>
    <li><a href="#pageAnimations">Customize Page Animations</a></li>
    <li><a href="#themes">Customize Themes</a></li>
  </ol>
  <h2>Try it out</h2>
  <ul>
    <li><a class="external-link" href="https://github.com/googlesamples/androidtv-Leanback">Android
    Leanback sample app</a></li>
  </ul>
</div>
</div>

<p>
To show a first-time user how to get the most from your app, present
onboarding information at app startup. Here are some examples of onboarding
information:
</p>

<ul>
<li>Present detailed information on which channels are available when a user
first accesses a channel app.</li>
<li>Call attention to noteworthy features in your app.</li>
<li>Illustrate any required or recommended steps that users should take when
using the app for the first time.</li>
</ul>

<p>The <a href=
"{@docRoot}tools/support-library/features.html#v17-leanback">v17 Leanback
support library</a> provides the
{@link android.support.v17.leanback.app.OnboardingFragment} class for
presenting first-time user information. This lesson describes how to use the
{@link android.support.v17.leanback.app.OnboardingFragment} class to present
introductory information that is shown when the app launches for the first
time. {@link android.support.v17.leanback.app.OnboardingFragment} uses TV UI
best practices to present the information in a way that matches TV UI styles,
and is easy to navigate on TV devices.</p>

<img src="{@docRoot}images/training/tv/playback/onboarding-fragment.png"
srcset="{@docRoot}images/training/tv/playback/onboarding-fragment.png 1x,
{@docRoot}images/training/tv/playback/onboarding-fragment_2x.png 2x" />
<p class="img-caption"><strong>Figure 1.</strong> An example
OnboardingFragment.</p>

<p>Your {@link android.support.v17.leanback.app.OnboardingFragment} should
not contain UI elements that require user input, such as buttons and fields.
Similarly, it should not be used as a UI element for a task the user will do
regularly. If you need to present a multi-page UI that requires
user input, consider using a
{@link android.support.v17.leanback.app.GuidedStepFragment}.</p>

<h2 id="addFragment">Add an OnboardingFragment</h2>

<p>To add an {@link android.support.v17.leanback.app.OnboardingFragment}
to your app, implement a class that extends
the {@link android.support.v17.leanback.app.OnboardingFragment} class. Add
this fragment to an activity, either via the activity's layout XML, or
programmatically. Make sure the activity or
fragment is using a theme derived from
{@link android.support.v17.leanback.R.style#Theme_Leanback_Onboarding},
as described in <a href="#themes">Customize Themes</a>.</p>

<p>In the {@link android.app.Activity#onCreate onCreate()} method of your
app's main activity, call
{@link android.app.Activity#startActivity startActivity()}
with an {@link android.content.Intent} that points to your
{@link android.support.v17.leanback.app.OnboardingFragment OnboardingFragment's}
parent activity. This ensures that your
{@link android.support.v17.leanback.app.OnboardingFragment} appears as
soon as your app starts.<p>

<p>To ensure that the
{@link android.support.v17.leanback.app.OnboardingFragment} only appears the
first time that the user starts your app, use a
{@link android.content.SharedPreferences} object
to track whether the user has already viewed the
{@link android.support.v17.leanback.app.OnboardingFragment}. Define a boolean
value that changes to true when the user finishes viewing the
{@link android.support.v17.leanback.app.OnboardingFragment}. Check
this value in your main activity’s
{@link android.app.Activity#onCreate onCreate()}, and only start the
{@link android.support.v17.leanback.app.OnboardingFragment} parent activity if
the value is false. The following example shows an override of
{@link android.app.Activity#onCreate onCreate()} that checks for a
{@link android.content.SharedPreferences} value and, if not set to true, calls
{@link android.app.Activity#startActivity startActivity()} to
show the {@link android.support.v17.leanback.app.OnboardingFragment}:</p>

<pre>
&#64;Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
    super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
    setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
    SharedPreferences sharedPreferences =
            PreferenceManager.getDefaultSharedPreferences(this);
    // Check if we need to display our OnboardingFragment
    if (!sharedPreferences.getBoolean(
            MyOnboardingFragment.COMPLETED_ONBOARDING_PREF_NAME, false)) {
        // The user hasn't seen the OnboardingFragment yet, so show it
        startActivity(new Intent(this, OnboardingActivity.class));
    }
}
</pre>

<p>After the user views the
{@link android.support.v17.leanback.app.OnboardingFragment}, mark it as viewed
using the {@link android.content.SharedPreferences} object. To do this, in your
{@link android.support.v17.leanback.app.OnboardingFragment}, override
{@link android.support.v17.leanback.app.OnboardingFragment#onFinishFragment
onFinishFragment()} and set your {@link android.content.SharedPreferences} value
to true, as shown in the following example:

<pre>
&#64;Override
protected void onFinishFragment() {
    super.onFinishFragment();
    // User has seen OnboardingFragment, so mark our SharedPreferences
    // flag as completed so that we don't show our OnboardingFragment
    // the next time the user launches the app.
    SharedPreferences.Editor sharedPreferencesEditor =
            PreferenceManager.getDefaultSharedPreferences(getContext()).edit();
    sharedPreferencesEditor.putBoolean(
            COMPLETED_ONBOARDING_PREF_NAME, true);
    sharedPreferencesEditor.apply();
}
</pre>

<h2 id="pageContent">Add OnboardingFragment Pages</h2>

<p>After you add your
{@link android.support.v17.leanback.app.OnboardingFragment}, you need to define
the onboarding pages. An
{@link android.support.v17.leanback.app.OnboardingFragment} displays content
in a series of ordered pages. Each page can have a title, description, and
several sub-views that can contain images or animations.</p>

<img src="{@docRoot}images/training/tv/playback/onboarding-fragment-diagram.png"
/><p class="img-caption"><strong>Figure 2.</strong> OnboardingFragment
page elements.
</p>

<p>Figure 2 shows an example page with callouts marking customizable page
elements that your {@link android.support.v17.leanback.app.OnboardingFragment}
can provide. The page elements are:</p>

<ol>
<li>The page title.</li>
<li>The page description.</li>
<li>The page content view, in this case a simple green checkmark in a grey box.
This view is optional. Use this view to illustrate page details such as a
screenshot that highlights the app feature that the page describes.</li>
<li>The page background view, in this case a simple blue gradient. This view
always renders behind other views on the page. This view is optional.</li>
<li>The page foreground view, in this case a logo. This view always renders
in front of all other views on the page. This view is optional.</li>
</ol>

<p>Initialize page information when your
{@link android.support.v17.leanback.app.OnboardingFragment} is first created
or attached to the parent activity, as the system requests page
information when it creates the fragment's view. You can initialize page
information in your class constructor or in an override of
{@link android.app.Fragment#onAttach onAttach()}.</p>

<p>Override each of the following methods that provide page information
to the system:</p>

<ul>
<li>{@link android.support.v17.leanback.app.OnboardingFragment#getPageCount
getPageCount()} returns the number of pages in your
{@link android.support.v17.leanback.app.OnboardingFragment}.</li>
<li>{@link android.support.v17.leanback.app.OnboardingFragment#getPageTitle
getPageTitle()} returns the title for the requested page number.</li>
<li>{@link android.support.v17.leanback.app.OnboardingFragment#getPageDescription
getPagedescription()} returns the description for the requested page
number.</li>
</ul>

<p>Override each of the following methods to provide optional sub-views used
to display images or animations:</p>

<ul>
<li>{@link android.support.v17.leanback.app.OnboardingFragment#onCreateBackgroundView
onCreateBackgroundView()} returns a {@link android.view.View} that you
create to act as the background view, or null if no background view is needed.
<li>{@link android.support.v17.leanback.app.OnboardingFragment#onCreateContentView
onCreateContentView()} returns a {@link android.view.View} that you
create to act as the content view, or null if no content view is needed.
<li>{@link android.support.v17.leanback.app.OnboardingFragment#onCreateForegroundView
onCreateForegroundView()} returns a {@link android.view.View} that you
create to act as the foreground view, or null if no foreground view is needed.
</ul>

<p>The system adds the {@link android.view.View} that you create to the page
layout. The following example overrides
{@link android.support.v17.leanback.app.OnboardingFragment#onCreateContentView
onCreateContentView()} and returns an {@link android.widget.ImageView}:</p>

<pre>
private ImageView mContentView;
...
&#64;Override
protected View onCreateContentView(LayoutInflater inflater, ViewGroup container) {
    mContentView = new ImageView(getContext());
    mContentView.setScaleType(ImageView.ScaleType.CENTER_INSIDE);
    mContentView.setImageResource(R.drawable.onboarding_content_view);
    mContentView.setPadding(0, 32, 0, 32);
    return mContentView;
}
</pre>

<h2 id="logoScreen">Add an Initial Logo Screen</h2>

<p>Your {@link android.support.v17.leanback.app.OnboardingFragment} can start
with an optional logo screen that introduces your app. If you want to display
a {@link android.graphics.drawable.Drawable} as your logo screen, in your
{@link android.support.v17.leanback.app.OnboardingFragment OnboardingFragment's}
{@link android.app.Fragment#onCreate onCreate()} method, call
{@link android.support.v17.leanback.app.OnboardingFragment#setLogoResourceId
setLogoResourceId()} with the ID of your
{@link android.graphics.drawable.Drawable}. The
system will fade in and briefly display this
{@link android.graphics.drawable.Drawable}, and then fade out the
{@link android.graphics.drawable.Drawable}
before displaying the first page of your
{@link android.support.v17.leanback.app.OnboardingFragment}.</p>

<p>If you want to provide a custom animation for your logo screen, instead of
calling
{@link android.support.v17.leanback.app.OnboardingFragment#setLogoResourceId
setLogoResourceId()}, override
{@link android.support.v17.leanback.app.OnboardingFragment#onCreateLogoAnimation
onCreateLogoAnimation()} and return an {@link android.animation.Animator}
object that renders your custom animation, as shown in the following example:
</p>

<pre>
&#64;Override
public Animator onCreateLogoAnimation() {
    return AnimatorInflater.loadAnimator(mContext,
            R.animator.onboarding_logo_screen_animation);
}
</pre>

<h2 id="pageAnimations">Customize Page Animations</h2>

<p>The system uses default animations when displaying the first page of your
{@link android.support.v17.leanback.app.OnboardingFragment} and when the user
navigates to a different page. You can customize these animations by
overriding methods in your
{@link android.support.v17.leanback.app.OnboardingFragment}.</p>

<p>To customize the animation that appears on your first page,
override
{@link android.support.v17.leanback.app.OnboardingFragment#onCreateEnterAnimation
onCreateEnterAnimation()} and return an {@link android.animation.Animator}.
The following example creates an
{@link android.animation.Animator} that scales the content view
horizontally:</p>

<pre>
&#64;Override
protected Animator onCreateEnterAnimation() {
    Animator startAnimator = ObjectAnimator.ofFloat(mContentView,
            View.SCALE_X, 0.2f, 1.0f).setDuration(ANIMATION_DURATION);
    return startAnimator;
}
</pre>

<p>To customize the animation used when the user navigates to a different page,
override
{@link android.support.v17.leanback.app.OnboardingFragment#onPageChanged
onPageChanged()}. In your
{@link android.support.v17.leanback.app.OnboardingFragment#onPageChanged
onPageChanged()} method, create {@link android.animation.Animator Animators}
that remove the previous page and display the next page, add these to an
{@link android.animation.AnimatorSet}, and play the set. The following
example uses a fade-out animation to remove the previous page, updates the
content view image, and uses a fade-in animation to display the next page:</p>

<pre>
&#64;Override
protected void onPageChanged(final int newPage, int previousPage) {
    // Create a fade-out animation used to fade out previousPage and, once
    // done, swaps the contentView image with the next page's image.
    Animator fadeOut = ObjectAnimator.ofFloat(mContentView,
            View.ALPHA, 1.0f, 0.0f).setDuration(ANIMATION_DURATION);
    fadeOut.addListener(new AnimatorListenerAdapter() {
        &#64;Override
        public void onAnimationEnd(Animator animation) {
            mContentView.setImageResource(pageImages[newPage]);
        }
    });
    // Create a fade-in animation used to fade in nextPage
    Animator fadeIn = ObjectAnimator.ofFloat(mContentView,
            View.ALPHA, 0.0f, 1.0f).setDuration(ANIMATION_DURATION);
    // Create AnimatorSet with our fade-out and fade-in animators, and start it
    AnimatorSet set = new AnimatorSet();
    set.playSequentially(fadeOut, fadeIn);
    set.start();
}
</pre>

<p>For more details about how to create
{@link android.animation.Animator Animators} and
{@link android.animation.AnimatorSet AnimatorSets}, see
<a href="https://developer.android.com/guide/topics/graphics/prop-animation.html">
Property Animations</a>.</p>

<h2 id="themes">Customize Themes</h2>

<p>Any {@link android.support.v17.leanback.app.OnboardingFragment}
implementation must use either the
{@link android.support.v17.leanback.R.style#Theme_Leanback_Onboarding} theme
or a theme that inherits from
{@link android.support.v17.leanback.R.style#Theme_Leanback_Onboarding}. Set the
theme for your {@link android.support.v17.leanback.app.OnboardingFragment} by
doing one of the following:</p>

<ul>
<li>Set the {@link android.support.v17.leanback.app.OnboardingFragment
OnboardingFragment's} parent activity to use the desired theme. The following
example shows how to set an activity to use
{@link android.support.v17.leanback.R.style#Theme_Leanback_Onboarding} in the
app manifest:
<pre>
&lt;activity
   android:name=".OnboardingActivity"
   android:enabled="true"
   android:exported="true"
   android:theme="&#64;style/Theme.Leanback.Onboarding"&gt;
&lt;/activity&gt;
</pre>
</li>
<li>
Set the theme in the parent activity by using the
{@link android.support.v17.leanback.R.styleable#LeanbackOnboardingTheme_onboardingTheme}
attribute in a custom activity theme. Point this attribute to another
custom theme that only the
{@link android.support.v17.leanback.app.OnboardingFragment}
objects in your activity use. Use this approach if your activity already uses
a custom theme and you don't want to apply
{@link android.support.v17.leanback.app.OnboardingFragment} styles to other
views in the activity.
</li>
<li>Override
{@link android.support.v17.leanback.app.OnboardingFragment#onProvideTheme
onProvideTheme()} and return the desired theme. Use this approach if
multiple activities use your
{@link android.support.v17.leanback.app.OnboardingFragment}
or if the parent activity can't use the desired theme.
The following example overrides
{@link android.support.v17.leanback.app.OnboardingFragment#onProvideTheme
onProvideTheme()} and returns
{@link android.support.v17.leanback.R.style#Theme_Leanback_Onboarding}:
<pre>
&#64;Override
public int onProvideTheme() {
   return R.style.Theme_Leanback_Onboarding;
}
</pre>
</li>
</ul>