//=== MallocChecker.cpp - A malloc/free checker -------------------*- C++ -*--//
//
// The LLVM Compiler Infrastructure
//
// This file is distributed under the University of Illinois Open Source
// License. See LICENSE.TXT for details.
//
//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
//
// This file defines malloc/free checker, which checks for potential memory
// leaks, double free, and use-after-free problems.
//
//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
#include "ClangSACheckers.h"
#include "InterCheckerAPI.h"
#include "clang/AST/Attr.h"
#include "clang/AST/ParentMap.h"
#include "clang/Basic/SourceManager.h"
#include "clang/Basic/TargetInfo.h"
#include "clang/StaticAnalyzer/Core/BugReporter/BugType.h"
#include "clang/StaticAnalyzer/Core/Checker.h"
#include "clang/StaticAnalyzer/Core/CheckerManager.h"
#include "clang/StaticAnalyzer/Core/PathSensitive/CallEvent.h"
#include "clang/StaticAnalyzer/Core/PathSensitive/CheckerContext.h"
#include "clang/StaticAnalyzer/Core/PathSensitive/ProgramState.h"
#include "clang/StaticAnalyzer/Core/PathSensitive/ProgramStateTrait.h"
#include "clang/StaticAnalyzer/Core/PathSensitive/SymbolManager.h"
#include "llvm/ADT/ImmutableMap.h"
#include "llvm/ADT/STLExtras.h"
#include "llvm/ADT/SmallString.h"
#include "llvm/ADT/StringExtras.h"
#include <climits>
using namespace clang;
using namespace ento;
namespace {
// Used to check correspondence between allocators and deallocators.
enum AllocationFamily {
AF_None,
AF_Malloc,
AF_CXXNew,
AF_CXXNewArray,
AF_IfNameIndex,
AF_Alloca
};
class RefState {
enum Kind { // Reference to allocated memory.
Allocated,
// Reference to zero-allocated memory.
AllocatedOfSizeZero,
// Reference to released/freed memory.
Released,
// The responsibility for freeing resources has transferred from
// this reference. A relinquished symbol should not be freed.
Relinquished,
// We are no longer guaranteed to have observed all manipulations
// of this pointer/memory. For example, it could have been
// passed as a parameter to an opaque function.
Escaped
};
const Stmt *S;
unsigned K : 3; // Kind enum, but stored as a bitfield.
unsigned Family : 29; // Rest of 32-bit word, currently just an allocation
// family.
RefState(Kind k, const Stmt *s, unsigned family)
: S(s), K(k), Family(family) {
assert(family != AF_None);
}
public:
bool isAllocated() const { return K == Allocated; }
bool isAllocatedOfSizeZero() const { return K == AllocatedOfSizeZero; }
bool isReleased() const { return K == Released; }
bool isRelinquished() const { return K == Relinquished; }
bool isEscaped() const { return K == Escaped; }
AllocationFamily getAllocationFamily() const {
return (AllocationFamily)Family;
}
const Stmt *getStmt() const { return S; }
bool operator==(const RefState &X) const {
return K == X.K && S == X.S && Family == X.Family;
}
static RefState getAllocated(unsigned family, const Stmt *s) {
return RefState(Allocated, s, family);
}
static RefState getAllocatedOfSizeZero(const RefState *RS) {
return RefState(AllocatedOfSizeZero, RS->getStmt(),
RS->getAllocationFamily());
}
static RefState getReleased(unsigned family, const Stmt *s) {
return RefState(Released, s, family);
}
static RefState getRelinquished(unsigned family, const Stmt *s) {
return RefState(Relinquished, s, family);
}
static RefState getEscaped(const RefState *RS) {
return RefState(Escaped, RS->getStmt(), RS->getAllocationFamily());
}
void Profile(llvm::FoldingSetNodeID &ID) const {
ID.AddInteger(K);
ID.AddPointer(S);
ID.AddInteger(Family);
}
void dump(raw_ostream &OS) const {
switch (static_cast<Kind>(K)) {
#define CASE(ID) case ID: OS << #ID; break;
CASE(Allocated)
CASE(AllocatedOfSizeZero)
CASE(Released)
CASE(Relinquished)
CASE(Escaped)
}
}
LLVM_DUMP_METHOD void dump() const { dump(llvm::errs()); }
};
enum ReallocPairKind {
RPToBeFreedAfterFailure,
// The symbol has been freed when reallocation failed.
RPIsFreeOnFailure,
// The symbol does not need to be freed after reallocation fails.
RPDoNotTrackAfterFailure
};
/// \class ReallocPair
/// \brief Stores information about the symbol being reallocated by a call to
/// 'realloc' to allow modeling failed reallocation later in the path.
struct ReallocPair {
// \brief The symbol which realloc reallocated.
SymbolRef ReallocatedSym;
ReallocPairKind Kind;
ReallocPair(SymbolRef S, ReallocPairKind K) :
ReallocatedSym(S), Kind(K) {}
void Profile(llvm::FoldingSetNodeID &ID) const {
ID.AddInteger(Kind);
ID.AddPointer(ReallocatedSym);
}
bool operator==(const ReallocPair &X) const {
return ReallocatedSym == X.ReallocatedSym &&
Kind == X.Kind;
}
};
typedef std::pair<const ExplodedNode*, const MemRegion*> LeakInfo;
class MallocChecker : public Checker<check::DeadSymbols,
check::PointerEscape,
check::ConstPointerEscape,
check::PreStmt<ReturnStmt>,
check::PreCall,
check::PostStmt<CallExpr>,
check::PostStmt<CXXNewExpr>,
check::PreStmt<CXXDeleteExpr>,
check::PostStmt<BlockExpr>,
check::PostObjCMessage,
check::Location,
eval::Assume>
{
public:
MallocChecker()
: II_alloca(nullptr), II_malloc(nullptr), II_free(nullptr),
II_realloc(nullptr), II_calloc(nullptr), II_valloc(nullptr),
II_reallocf(nullptr), II_strndup(nullptr), II_strdup(nullptr),
II_kmalloc(nullptr), II_if_nameindex(nullptr),
II_if_freenameindex(nullptr) {}
/// In pessimistic mode, the checker assumes that it does not know which
/// functions might free the memory.
enum CheckKind {
CK_MallocChecker,
CK_NewDeleteChecker,
CK_NewDeleteLeaksChecker,
CK_MismatchedDeallocatorChecker,
CK_NumCheckKinds
};
enum class MemoryOperationKind {
MOK_Allocate,
MOK_Free,
MOK_Any
};
DefaultBool IsOptimistic;
DefaultBool ChecksEnabled[CK_NumCheckKinds];
CheckName CheckNames[CK_NumCheckKinds];
void checkPreCall(const CallEvent &Call, CheckerContext &C) const;
void checkPostStmt(const CallExpr *CE, CheckerContext &C) const;
void checkPostStmt(const CXXNewExpr *NE, CheckerContext &C) const;
void checkPreStmt(const CXXDeleteExpr *DE, CheckerContext &C) const;
void checkPostObjCMessage(const ObjCMethodCall &Call, CheckerContext &C) const;
void checkPostStmt(const BlockExpr *BE, CheckerContext &C) const;
void checkDeadSymbols(SymbolReaper &SymReaper, CheckerContext &C) const;
void checkPreStmt(const ReturnStmt *S, CheckerContext &C) const;
ProgramStateRef evalAssume(ProgramStateRef state, SVal Cond,
bool Assumption) const;
void checkLocation(SVal l, bool isLoad, const Stmt *S,
CheckerContext &C) const;
ProgramStateRef checkPointerEscape(ProgramStateRef State,
const InvalidatedSymbols &Escaped,
const CallEvent *Call,
PointerEscapeKind Kind) const;
ProgramStateRef checkConstPointerEscape(ProgramStateRef State,
const InvalidatedSymbols &Escaped,
const CallEvent *Call,
PointerEscapeKind Kind) const;
void printState(raw_ostream &Out, ProgramStateRef State,
const char *NL, const char *Sep) const override;
private:
mutable std::unique_ptr<BugType> BT_DoubleFree[CK_NumCheckKinds];
mutable std::unique_ptr<BugType> BT_DoubleDelete;
mutable std::unique_ptr<BugType> BT_Leak[CK_NumCheckKinds];
mutable std::unique_ptr<BugType> BT_UseFree[CK_NumCheckKinds];
mutable std::unique_ptr<BugType> BT_BadFree[CK_NumCheckKinds];
mutable std::unique_ptr<BugType> BT_FreeAlloca[CK_NumCheckKinds];
mutable std::unique_ptr<BugType> BT_MismatchedDealloc;
mutable std::unique_ptr<BugType> BT_OffsetFree[CK_NumCheckKinds];
mutable std::unique_ptr<BugType> BT_UseZerroAllocated[CK_NumCheckKinds];
mutable IdentifierInfo *II_alloca, *II_malloc, *II_free, *II_realloc,
*II_calloc, *II_valloc, *II_reallocf, *II_strndup,
*II_strdup, *II_kmalloc, *II_if_nameindex,
*II_if_freenameindex;
mutable Optional<uint64_t> KernelZeroFlagVal;
void initIdentifierInfo(ASTContext &C) const;
/// \brief Determine family of a deallocation expression.
AllocationFamily getAllocationFamily(CheckerContext &C, const Stmt *S) const;
/// \brief Print names of allocators and deallocators.
///
/// \returns true on success.
bool printAllocDeallocName(raw_ostream &os, CheckerContext &C,
const Expr *E) const;
/// \brief Print expected name of an allocator based on the deallocator's
/// family derived from the DeallocExpr.
void printExpectedAllocName(raw_ostream &os, CheckerContext &C,
const Expr *DeallocExpr) const;
/// \brief Print expected name of a deallocator based on the allocator's
/// family.
void printExpectedDeallocName(raw_ostream &os, AllocationFamily Family) const;
///@{
/// Check if this is one of the functions which can allocate/reallocate memory
/// pointed to by one of its arguments.
bool isMemFunction(const FunctionDecl *FD, ASTContext &C) const;
bool isCMemFunction(const FunctionDecl *FD,
ASTContext &C,
AllocationFamily Family,
MemoryOperationKind MemKind) const;
bool isStandardNewDelete(const FunctionDecl *FD, ASTContext &C) const;
///@}
/// \brief Perform a zero-allocation check.
ProgramStateRef ProcessZeroAllocation(CheckerContext &C, const Expr *E,
const unsigned AllocationSizeArg,
ProgramStateRef State) const;
ProgramStateRef MallocMemReturnsAttr(CheckerContext &C,
const CallExpr *CE,
const OwnershipAttr* Att,
ProgramStateRef State) const;
static ProgramStateRef MallocMemAux(CheckerContext &C, const CallExpr *CE,
const Expr *SizeEx, SVal Init,
ProgramStateRef State,
AllocationFamily Family = AF_Malloc);
static ProgramStateRef MallocMemAux(CheckerContext &C, const CallExpr *CE,
SVal SizeEx, SVal Init,
ProgramStateRef State,
AllocationFamily Family = AF_Malloc);
// Check if this malloc() for special flags. At present that means M_ZERO or
// __GFP_ZERO (in which case, treat it like calloc).
llvm::Optional<ProgramStateRef>
performKernelMalloc(const CallExpr *CE, CheckerContext &C,
const ProgramStateRef &State) const;
/// Update the RefState to reflect the new memory allocation.
static ProgramStateRef
MallocUpdateRefState(CheckerContext &C, const Expr *E, ProgramStateRef State,
AllocationFamily Family = AF_Malloc);
ProgramStateRef FreeMemAttr(CheckerContext &C, const CallExpr *CE,
const OwnershipAttr* Att,
ProgramStateRef State) const;
ProgramStateRef FreeMemAux(CheckerContext &C, const CallExpr *CE,
ProgramStateRef state, unsigned Num,
bool Hold,
bool &ReleasedAllocated,
bool ReturnsNullOnFailure = false) const;
ProgramStateRef FreeMemAux(CheckerContext &C, const Expr *Arg,
const Expr *ParentExpr,
ProgramStateRef State,
bool Hold,
bool &ReleasedAllocated,
bool ReturnsNullOnFailure = false) const;
ProgramStateRef ReallocMem(CheckerContext &C, const CallExpr *CE,
bool FreesMemOnFailure,
ProgramStateRef State) const;
static ProgramStateRef CallocMem(CheckerContext &C, const CallExpr *CE,
ProgramStateRef State);
///\brief Check if the memory associated with this symbol was released.
bool isReleased(SymbolRef Sym, CheckerContext &C) const;
bool checkUseAfterFree(SymbolRef Sym, CheckerContext &C, const Stmt *S) const;
void checkUseZeroAllocated(SymbolRef Sym, CheckerContext &C,
const Stmt *S) const;
bool checkDoubleDelete(SymbolRef Sym, CheckerContext &C) const;
/// Check if the function is known free memory, or if it is
/// "interesting" and should be modeled explicitly.
///
/// \param [out] EscapingSymbol A function might not free memory in general,
/// but could be known to free a particular symbol. In this case, false is
/// returned and the single escaping symbol is returned through the out
/// parameter.
///
/// We assume that pointers do not escape through calls to system functions
/// not handled by this checker.
bool mayFreeAnyEscapedMemoryOrIsModeledExplicitly(const CallEvent *Call,
ProgramStateRef State,
SymbolRef &EscapingSymbol) const;
// Implementation of the checkPointerEscape callabcks.
ProgramStateRef checkPointerEscapeAux(ProgramStateRef State,
const InvalidatedSymbols &Escaped,
const CallEvent *Call,
PointerEscapeKind Kind,
bool(*CheckRefState)(const RefState*)) const;
///@{
/// Tells if a given family/call/symbol is tracked by the current checker.
/// Sets CheckKind to the kind of the checker responsible for this
/// family/call/symbol.
Optional<CheckKind> getCheckIfTracked(AllocationFamily Family,
bool IsALeakCheck = false) const;
Optional<CheckKind> getCheckIfTracked(CheckerContext &C,
const Stmt *AllocDeallocStmt,
bool IsALeakCheck = false) const;
Optional<CheckKind> getCheckIfTracked(CheckerContext &C, SymbolRef Sym,
bool IsALeakCheck = false) const;
///@}
static bool SummarizeValue(raw_ostream &os, SVal V);
static bool SummarizeRegion(raw_ostream &os, const MemRegion *MR);
void ReportBadFree(CheckerContext &C, SVal ArgVal, SourceRange Range,
const Expr *DeallocExpr) const;
void ReportFreeAlloca(CheckerContext &C, SVal ArgVal,
SourceRange Range) const;
void ReportMismatchedDealloc(CheckerContext &C, SourceRange Range,
const Expr *DeallocExpr, const RefState *RS,
SymbolRef Sym, bool OwnershipTransferred) const;
void ReportOffsetFree(CheckerContext &C, SVal ArgVal, SourceRange Range,
const Expr *DeallocExpr,
const Expr *AllocExpr = nullptr) const;
void ReportUseAfterFree(CheckerContext &C, SourceRange Range,
SymbolRef Sym) const;
void ReportDoubleFree(CheckerContext &C, SourceRange Range, bool Released,
SymbolRef Sym, SymbolRef PrevSym) const;
void ReportDoubleDelete(CheckerContext &C, SymbolRef Sym) const;
void ReportUseZeroAllocated(CheckerContext &C, SourceRange Range,
SymbolRef Sym) const;
/// Find the location of the allocation for Sym on the path leading to the
/// exploded node N.
LeakInfo getAllocationSite(const ExplodedNode *N, SymbolRef Sym,
CheckerContext &C) const;
void reportLeak(SymbolRef Sym, ExplodedNode *N, CheckerContext &C) const;
/// The bug visitor which allows us to print extra diagnostics along the
/// BugReport path. For example, showing the allocation site of the leaked
/// region.
class MallocBugVisitor : public BugReporterVisitorImpl<MallocBugVisitor> {
protected:
enum NotificationMode {
Normal,
ReallocationFailed
};
// The allocated region symbol tracked by the main analysis.
SymbolRef Sym;
// The mode we are in, i.e. what kind of diagnostics will be emitted.
NotificationMode Mode;
// A symbol from when the primary region should have been reallocated.
SymbolRef FailedReallocSymbol;
bool IsLeak;
public:
MallocBugVisitor(SymbolRef S, bool isLeak = false)
: Sym(S), Mode(Normal), FailedReallocSymbol(nullptr), IsLeak(isLeak) {}
~MallocBugVisitor() override {}
void Profile(llvm::FoldingSetNodeID &ID) const override {
static int X = 0;
ID.AddPointer(&X);
ID.AddPointer(Sym);
}
inline bool isAllocated(const RefState *S, const RefState *SPrev,
const Stmt *Stmt) {
// Did not track -> allocated. Other state (released) -> allocated.
return (Stmt && (isa<CallExpr>(Stmt) || isa<CXXNewExpr>(Stmt)) &&
(S && (S->isAllocated() || S->isAllocatedOfSizeZero())) &&
(!SPrev || !(SPrev->isAllocated() ||
SPrev->isAllocatedOfSizeZero())));
}
inline bool isReleased(const RefState *S, const RefState *SPrev,
const Stmt *Stmt) {
// Did not track -> released. Other state (allocated) -> released.
return (Stmt && (isa<CallExpr>(Stmt) || isa<CXXDeleteExpr>(Stmt)) &&
(S && S->isReleased()) && (!SPrev || !SPrev->isReleased()));
}
inline bool isRelinquished(const RefState *S, const RefState *SPrev,
const Stmt *Stmt) {
// Did not track -> relinquished. Other state (allocated) -> relinquished.
return (Stmt && (isa<CallExpr>(Stmt) || isa<ObjCMessageExpr>(Stmt) ||
isa<ObjCPropertyRefExpr>(Stmt)) &&
(S && S->isRelinquished()) &&
(!SPrev || !SPrev->isRelinquished()));
}
inline bool isReallocFailedCheck(const RefState *S, const RefState *SPrev,
const Stmt *Stmt) {
// If the expression is not a call, and the state change is
// released -> allocated, it must be the realloc return value
// check. If we have to handle more cases here, it might be cleaner just
// to track this extra bit in the state itself.
return ((!Stmt || !isa<CallExpr>(Stmt)) &&
(S && (S->isAllocated() || S->isAllocatedOfSizeZero())) &&
(SPrev && !(SPrev->isAllocated() ||
SPrev->isAllocatedOfSizeZero())));
}
PathDiagnosticPiece *VisitNode(const ExplodedNode *N,
const ExplodedNode *PrevN,
BugReporterContext &BRC,
BugReport &BR) override;
std::unique_ptr<PathDiagnosticPiece>
getEndPath(BugReporterContext &BRC, const ExplodedNode *EndPathNode,
BugReport &BR) override {
if (!IsLeak)
return nullptr;
PathDiagnosticLocation L =
PathDiagnosticLocation::createEndOfPath(EndPathNode,
BRC.getSourceManager());
// Do not add the statement itself as a range in case of leak.
return llvm::make_unique<PathDiagnosticEventPiece>(L, BR.getDescription(),
false);
}
private:
class StackHintGeneratorForReallocationFailed
: public StackHintGeneratorForSymbol {
public:
StackHintGeneratorForReallocationFailed(SymbolRef S, StringRef M)
: StackHintGeneratorForSymbol(S, M) {}
std::string getMessageForArg(const Expr *ArgE,
unsigned ArgIndex) override {
// Printed parameters start at 1, not 0.
++ArgIndex;
SmallString<200> buf;
llvm::raw_svector_ostream os(buf);
os << "Reallocation of " << ArgIndex << llvm::getOrdinalSuffix(ArgIndex)
<< " parameter failed";
return os.str();
}
std::string getMessageForReturn(const CallExpr *CallExpr) override {
return "Reallocation of returned value failed";
}
};
};
};
} // end anonymous namespace
REGISTER_MAP_WITH_PROGRAMSTATE(RegionState, SymbolRef, RefState)
REGISTER_MAP_WITH_PROGRAMSTATE(ReallocPairs, SymbolRef, ReallocPair)
// A map from the freed symbol to the symbol representing the return value of
// the free function.
REGISTER_MAP_WITH_PROGRAMSTATE(FreeReturnValue, SymbolRef, SymbolRef)
namespace {
class StopTrackingCallback : public SymbolVisitor {
ProgramStateRef state;
public:
StopTrackingCallback(ProgramStateRef st) : state(st) {}
ProgramStateRef getState() const { return state; }
bool VisitSymbol(SymbolRef sym) override {
state = state->remove<RegionState>(sym);
return true;
}
};
} // end anonymous namespace
void MallocChecker::initIdentifierInfo(ASTContext &Ctx) const {
if (II_malloc)
return;
II_alloca = &Ctx.Idents.get("alloca");
II_malloc = &Ctx.Idents.get("malloc");
II_free = &Ctx.Idents.get("free");
II_realloc = &Ctx.Idents.get("realloc");
II_reallocf = &Ctx.Idents.get("reallocf");
II_calloc = &Ctx.Idents.get("calloc");
II_valloc = &Ctx.Idents.get("valloc");
II_strdup = &Ctx.Idents.get("strdup");
II_strndup = &Ctx.Idents.get("strndup");
II_kmalloc = &Ctx.Idents.get("kmalloc");
II_if_nameindex = &Ctx.Idents.get("if_nameindex");
II_if_freenameindex = &Ctx.Idents.get("if_freenameindex");
}
bool MallocChecker::isMemFunction(const FunctionDecl *FD, ASTContext &C) const {
if (isCMemFunction(FD, C, AF_Malloc, MemoryOperationKind::MOK_Any))
return true;
if (isCMemFunction(FD, C, AF_IfNameIndex, MemoryOperationKind::MOK_Any))
return true;
if (isCMemFunction(FD, C, AF_Alloca, MemoryOperationKind::MOK_Any))
return true;
if (isStandardNewDelete(FD, C))
return true;
return false;
}
bool MallocChecker::isCMemFunction(const FunctionDecl *FD,
ASTContext &C,
AllocationFamily Family,
MemoryOperationKind MemKind) const {
if (!FD)
return false;
bool CheckFree = (MemKind == MemoryOperationKind::MOK_Any ||
MemKind == MemoryOperationKind::MOK_Free);
bool CheckAlloc = (MemKind == MemoryOperationKind::MOK_Any ||
MemKind == MemoryOperationKind::MOK_Allocate);
if (FD->getKind() == Decl::Function) {
const IdentifierInfo *FunI = FD->getIdentifier();
initIdentifierInfo(C);
if (Family == AF_Malloc && CheckFree) {
if (FunI == II_free || FunI == II_realloc || FunI == II_reallocf)
return true;
}
if (Family == AF_Malloc && CheckAlloc) {
if (FunI == II_malloc || FunI == II_realloc || FunI == II_reallocf ||
FunI == II_calloc || FunI == II_valloc || FunI == II_strdup ||
FunI == II_strndup || FunI == II_kmalloc)
return true;
}
if (Family == AF_IfNameIndex && CheckFree) {
if (FunI == II_if_freenameindex)
return true;
}
if (Family == AF_IfNameIndex && CheckAlloc) {
if (FunI == II_if_nameindex)
return true;
}
if (Family == AF_Alloca && CheckAlloc) {
if (FunI == II_alloca)
return true;
}
}
if (Family != AF_Malloc)
return false;
if (IsOptimistic && FD->hasAttrs()) {
for (const auto *I : FD->specific_attrs<OwnershipAttr>()) {
OwnershipAttr::OwnershipKind OwnKind = I->getOwnKind();
if(OwnKind == OwnershipAttr::Takes || OwnKind == OwnershipAttr::Holds) {
if (CheckFree)
return true;
} else if (OwnKind == OwnershipAttr::Returns) {
if (CheckAlloc)
return true;
}
}
}
return false;
}
// Tells if the callee is one of the following:
// 1) A global non-placement new/delete operator function.
// 2) A global placement operator function with the single placement argument
// of type std::nothrow_t.
bool MallocChecker::isStandardNewDelete(const FunctionDecl *FD,
ASTContext &C) const {
if (!FD)
return false;
OverloadedOperatorKind Kind = FD->getOverloadedOperator();
if (Kind != OO_New && Kind != OO_Array_New &&
Kind != OO_Delete && Kind != OO_Array_Delete)
return false;
// Skip all operator new/delete methods.
if (isa<CXXMethodDecl>(FD))
return false;
// Return true if tested operator is a standard placement nothrow operator.
if (FD->getNumParams() == 2) {
QualType T = FD->getParamDecl(1)->getType();
if (const IdentifierInfo *II = T.getBaseTypeIdentifier())
return II->getName().equals("nothrow_t");
}
// Skip placement operators.
if (FD->getNumParams() != 1 || FD->isVariadic())
return false;
// One of the standard new/new[]/delete/delete[] non-placement operators.
return true;
}
llvm::Optional<ProgramStateRef> MallocChecker::performKernelMalloc(
const CallExpr *CE, CheckerContext &C, const ProgramStateRef &State) const {
// 3-argument malloc(), as commonly used in {Free,Net,Open}BSD Kernels:
//
// void *malloc(unsigned long size, struct malloc_type *mtp, int flags);
//
// One of the possible flags is M_ZERO, which means 'give me back an
// allocation which is already zeroed', like calloc.
// 2-argument kmalloc(), as used in the Linux kernel:
//
// void *kmalloc(size_t size, gfp_t flags);
//
// Has the similar flag value __GFP_ZERO.
// This logic is largely cloned from O_CREAT in UnixAPIChecker, maybe some
// code could be shared.
ASTContext &Ctx = C.getASTContext();
llvm::Triple::OSType OS = Ctx.getTargetInfo().getTriple().getOS();
if (!KernelZeroFlagVal.hasValue()) {
if (OS == llvm::Triple::FreeBSD)
KernelZeroFlagVal = 0x0100;
else if (OS == llvm::Triple::NetBSD)
KernelZeroFlagVal = 0x0002;
else if (OS == llvm::Triple::OpenBSD)
KernelZeroFlagVal = 0x0008;
else if (OS == llvm::Triple::Linux)
// __GFP_ZERO
KernelZeroFlagVal = 0x8000;
else
// FIXME: We need a more general way of getting the M_ZERO value.
// See also: O_CREAT in UnixAPIChecker.cpp.
// Fall back to normal malloc behavior on platforms where we don't
// know M_ZERO.
return None;
}
// We treat the last argument as the flags argument, and callers fall-back to
// normal malloc on a None return. This works for the FreeBSD kernel malloc
// as well as Linux kmalloc.
if (CE->getNumArgs() < 2)
return None;
const Expr *FlagsEx = CE->getArg(CE->getNumArgs() - 1);
const SVal V = State->getSVal(FlagsEx, C.getLocationContext());
if (!V.getAs<NonLoc>()) {
// The case where 'V' can be a location can only be due to a bad header,
// so in this case bail out.
return None;
}
NonLoc Flags = V.castAs<NonLoc>();
NonLoc ZeroFlag = C.getSValBuilder()
.makeIntVal(KernelZeroFlagVal.getValue(), FlagsEx->getType())
.castAs<NonLoc>();
SVal MaskedFlagsUC = C.getSValBuilder().evalBinOpNN(State, BO_And,
Flags, ZeroFlag,
FlagsEx->getType());
if (MaskedFlagsUC.isUnknownOrUndef())
return None;
DefinedSVal MaskedFlags = MaskedFlagsUC.castAs<DefinedSVal>();
// Check if maskedFlags is non-zero.
ProgramStateRef TrueState, FalseState;
std::tie(TrueState, FalseState) = State->assume(MaskedFlags);
// If M_ZERO is set, treat this like calloc (initialized).
if (TrueState && !FalseState) {
SVal ZeroVal = C.getSValBuilder().makeZeroVal(Ctx.CharTy);
return MallocMemAux(C, CE, CE->getArg(0), ZeroVal, TrueState);
}
return None;
}
void MallocChecker::checkPostStmt(const CallExpr *CE, CheckerContext &C) const {
if (C.wasInlined)
return;
const FunctionDecl *FD = C.getCalleeDecl(CE);
if (!FD)
return;
ProgramStateRef State = C.getState();
bool ReleasedAllocatedMemory = false;
if (FD->getKind() == Decl::Function) {
initIdentifierInfo(C.getASTContext());
IdentifierInfo *FunI = FD->getIdentifier();
if (FunI == II_malloc) {
if (CE->getNumArgs() < 1)
return;
if (CE->getNumArgs() < 3) {
State = MallocMemAux(C, CE, CE->getArg(0), UndefinedVal(), State);
if (CE->getNumArgs() == 1)
State = ProcessZeroAllocation(C, CE, 0, State);
} else if (CE->getNumArgs() == 3) {
llvm::Optional<ProgramStateRef> MaybeState =
performKernelMalloc(CE, C, State);
if (MaybeState.hasValue())
State = MaybeState.getValue();
else
State = MallocMemAux(C, CE, CE->getArg(0), UndefinedVal(), State);
}
} else if (FunI == II_kmalloc) {
llvm::Optional<ProgramStateRef> MaybeState =
performKernelMalloc(CE, C, State);
if (MaybeState.hasValue())
State = MaybeState.getValue();
else
State = MallocMemAux(C, CE, CE->getArg(0), UndefinedVal(), State);
} else if (FunI == II_valloc) {
if (CE->getNumArgs() < 1)
return;
State = MallocMemAux(C, CE, CE->getArg(0), UndefinedVal(), State);
State = ProcessZeroAllocation(C, CE, 0, State);
} else if (FunI == II_realloc) {
State = ReallocMem(C, CE, false, State);
State = ProcessZeroAllocation(C, CE, 1, State);
} else if (FunI == II_reallocf) {
State = ReallocMem(C, CE, true, State);
State = ProcessZeroAllocation(C, CE, 1, State);
} else if (FunI == II_calloc) {
State = CallocMem(C, CE, State);
State = ProcessZeroAllocation(C, CE, 0, State);
State = ProcessZeroAllocation(C, CE, 1, State);
} else if (FunI == II_free) {
State = FreeMemAux(C, CE, State, 0, false, ReleasedAllocatedMemory);
} else if (FunI == II_strdup) {
State = MallocUpdateRefState(C, CE, State);
} else if (FunI == II_strndup) {
State = MallocUpdateRefState(C, CE, State);
} else if (FunI == II_alloca) {
State = MallocMemAux(C, CE, CE->getArg(0), UndefinedVal(), State,
AF_Alloca);
State = ProcessZeroAllocation(C, CE, 0, State);
} else if (isStandardNewDelete(FD, C.getASTContext())) {
// Process direct calls to operator new/new[]/delete/delete[] functions
// as distinct from new/new[]/delete/delete[] expressions that are
// processed by the checkPostStmt callbacks for CXXNewExpr and
// CXXDeleteExpr.
OverloadedOperatorKind K = FD->getOverloadedOperator();
if (K == OO_New) {
State = MallocMemAux(C, CE, CE->getArg(0), UndefinedVal(), State,
AF_CXXNew);
State = ProcessZeroAllocation(C, CE, 0, State);
}
else if (K == OO_Array_New) {
State = MallocMemAux(C, CE, CE->getArg(0), UndefinedVal(), State,
AF_CXXNewArray);
State = ProcessZeroAllocation(C, CE, 0, State);
}
else if (K == OO_Delete || K == OO_Array_Delete)
State = FreeMemAux(C, CE, State, 0, false, ReleasedAllocatedMemory);
else
llvm_unreachable("not a new/delete operator");
} else if (FunI == II_if_nameindex) {
// Should we model this differently? We can allocate a fixed number of
// elements with zeros in the last one.
State = MallocMemAux(C, CE, UnknownVal(), UnknownVal(), State,
AF_IfNameIndex);
} else if (FunI == II_if_freenameindex) {
State = FreeMemAux(C, CE, State, 0, false, ReleasedAllocatedMemory);
}
}
if (IsOptimistic || ChecksEnabled[CK_MismatchedDeallocatorChecker]) {
// Check all the attributes, if there are any.
// There can be multiple of these attributes.
if (FD->hasAttrs())
for (const auto *I : FD->specific_attrs<OwnershipAttr>()) {
switch (I->getOwnKind()) {
case OwnershipAttr::Returns:
State = MallocMemReturnsAttr(C, CE, I, State);
break;
case OwnershipAttr::Takes:
case OwnershipAttr::Holds:
State = FreeMemAttr(C, CE, I, State);
break;
}
}
}
C.addTransition(State);
}
// Performs a 0-sized allocations check.
ProgramStateRef MallocChecker::ProcessZeroAllocation(CheckerContext &C,
const Expr *E,
const unsigned AllocationSizeArg,
ProgramStateRef State) const {
if (!State)
return nullptr;
const Expr *Arg = nullptr;
if (const CallExpr *CE = dyn_cast<CallExpr>(E)) {
Arg = CE->getArg(AllocationSizeArg);
}
else if (const CXXNewExpr *NE = dyn_cast<CXXNewExpr>(E)) {
if (NE->isArray())
Arg = NE->getArraySize();
else
return State;
}
else
llvm_unreachable("not a CallExpr or CXXNewExpr");
assert(Arg);
Optional<DefinedSVal> DefArgVal =
State->getSVal(Arg, C.getLocationContext()).getAs<DefinedSVal>();
if (!DefArgVal)
return State;
// Check if the allocation size is 0.
ProgramStateRef TrueState, FalseState;
SValBuilder &SvalBuilder = C.getSValBuilder();
DefinedSVal Zero =
SvalBuilder.makeZeroVal(Arg->getType()).castAs<DefinedSVal>();
std::tie(TrueState, FalseState) =
State->assume(SvalBuilder.evalEQ(State, *DefArgVal, Zero));
if (TrueState && !FalseState) {
SVal retVal = State->getSVal(E, C.getLocationContext());
SymbolRef Sym = retVal.getAsLocSymbol();
if (!Sym)
return State;
const RefState *RS = State->get<RegionState>(Sym);
if (!RS)
return State; // TODO: change to assert(RS); after realloc() will
// guarantee have a RegionState attached.
if (!RS->isAllocated())
return State;
return TrueState->set<RegionState>(Sym,
RefState::getAllocatedOfSizeZero(RS));
}
// Assume the value is non-zero going forward.
assert(FalseState);
return FalseState;
}
static QualType getDeepPointeeType(QualType T) {
QualType Result = T, PointeeType = T->getPointeeType();
while (!PointeeType.isNull()) {
Result = PointeeType;
PointeeType = PointeeType->getPointeeType();
}
return Result;
}
static bool treatUnusedNewEscaped(const CXXNewExpr *NE) {
const CXXConstructExpr *ConstructE = NE->getConstructExpr();
if (!ConstructE)
return false;
if (!NE->getAllocatedType()->getAsCXXRecordDecl())
return false;
const CXXConstructorDecl *CtorD = ConstructE->getConstructor();
// Iterate over the constructor parameters.
for (const auto *CtorParam : CtorD->params()) {
QualType CtorParamPointeeT = CtorParam->getType()->getPointeeType();
if (CtorParamPointeeT.isNull())
continue;
CtorParamPointeeT = getDeepPointeeType(CtorParamPointeeT);
if (CtorParamPointeeT->getAsCXXRecordDecl())
return true;
}
return false;
}
void MallocChecker::checkPostStmt(const CXXNewExpr *NE,
CheckerContext &C) const {
if (NE->getNumPlacementArgs())
for (CXXNewExpr::const_arg_iterator I = NE->placement_arg_begin(),
E = NE->placement_arg_end(); I != E; ++I)
if (SymbolRef Sym = C.getSVal(*I).getAsSymbol())
checkUseAfterFree(Sym, C, *I);
if (!isStandardNewDelete(NE->getOperatorNew(), C.getASTContext()))
return;
ParentMap &PM = C.getLocationContext()->getParentMap();
if (!PM.isConsumedExpr(NE) && treatUnusedNewEscaped(NE))
return;
ProgramStateRef State = C.getState();
// The return value from operator new is bound to a specified initialization
// value (if any) and we don't want to loose this value. So we call
// MallocUpdateRefState() instead of MallocMemAux() which breakes the
// existing binding.
State = MallocUpdateRefState(C, NE, State, NE->isArray() ? AF_CXXNewArray
: AF_CXXNew);
State = ProcessZeroAllocation(C, NE, 0, State);
C.addTransition(State);
}
void MallocChecker::checkPreStmt(const CXXDeleteExpr *DE,
CheckerContext &C) const {
if (!ChecksEnabled[CK_NewDeleteChecker])
if (SymbolRef Sym = C.getSVal(DE->getArgument()).getAsSymbol())
checkUseAfterFree(Sym, C, DE->getArgument());
if (!isStandardNewDelete(DE->getOperatorDelete(), C.getASTContext()))
return;
ProgramStateRef State = C.getState();
bool ReleasedAllocated;
State = FreeMemAux(C, DE->getArgument(), DE, State,
/*Hold*/false, ReleasedAllocated);
C.addTransition(State);
}
static bool isKnownDeallocObjCMethodName(const ObjCMethodCall &Call) {
// If the first selector piece is one of the names below, assume that the
// object takes ownership of the memory, promising to eventually deallocate it
// with free().
// Ex: [NSData dataWithBytesNoCopy:bytes length:10];
// (...unless a 'freeWhenDone' parameter is false, but that's checked later.)
StringRef FirstSlot = Call.getSelector().getNameForSlot(0);
if (FirstSlot == "dataWithBytesNoCopy" ||
FirstSlot == "initWithBytesNoCopy" ||
FirstSlot == "initWithCharactersNoCopy")
return true;
return false;
}
static Optional<bool> getFreeWhenDoneArg(const ObjCMethodCall &Call) {
Selector S = Call.getSelector();
// FIXME: We should not rely on fully-constrained symbols being folded.
for (unsigned i = 1; i < S.getNumArgs(); ++i)
if (S.getNameForSlot(i).equals("freeWhenDone"))
return !Call.getArgSVal(i).isZeroConstant();
return None;
}
void MallocChecker::checkPostObjCMessage(const ObjCMethodCall &Call,
CheckerContext &C) const {
if (C.wasInlined)
return;
if (!isKnownDeallocObjCMethodName(Call))
return;
if (Optional<bool> FreeWhenDone = getFreeWhenDoneArg(Call))
if (!*FreeWhenDone)
return;
bool ReleasedAllocatedMemory;
ProgramStateRef State = FreeMemAux(C, Call.getArgExpr(0),
Call.getOriginExpr(), C.getState(),
/*Hold=*/true, ReleasedAllocatedMemory,
/*RetNullOnFailure=*/true);
C.addTransition(State);
}
ProgramStateRef
MallocChecker::MallocMemReturnsAttr(CheckerContext &C, const CallExpr *CE,
const OwnershipAttr *Att,
ProgramStateRef State) const {
if (!State)
return nullptr;
if (Att->getModule() != II_malloc)
return nullptr;
OwnershipAttr::args_iterator I = Att->args_begin(), E = Att->args_end();
if (I != E) {
return MallocMemAux(C, CE, CE->getArg(*I), UndefinedVal(), State);
}
return MallocMemAux(C, CE, UnknownVal(), UndefinedVal(), State);
}
ProgramStateRef MallocChecker::MallocMemAux(CheckerContext &C,
const CallExpr *CE,
const Expr *SizeEx, SVal Init,
ProgramStateRef State,
AllocationFamily Family) {
if (!State)
return nullptr;
return MallocMemAux(C, CE, State->getSVal(SizeEx, C.getLocationContext()),
Init, State, Family);
}
ProgramStateRef MallocChecker::MallocMemAux(CheckerContext &C,
const CallExpr *CE,
SVal Size, SVal Init,
ProgramStateRef State,
AllocationFamily Family) {
if (!State)
return nullptr;
// We expect the malloc functions to return a pointer.
if (!Loc::isLocType(CE->getType()))
return nullptr;
// Bind the return value to the symbolic value from the heap region.
// TODO: We could rewrite post visit to eval call; 'malloc' does not have
// side effects other than what we model here.
unsigned Count = C.blockCount();
SValBuilder &svalBuilder = C.getSValBuilder();
const LocationContext *LCtx = C.getPredecessor()->getLocationContext();
DefinedSVal RetVal = svalBuilder.getConjuredHeapSymbolVal(CE, LCtx, Count)
.castAs<DefinedSVal>();
State = State->BindExpr(CE, C.getLocationContext(), RetVal);
// Fill the region with the initialization value.
State = State->bindDefault(RetVal, Init);
// Set the region's extent equal to the Size parameter.
const SymbolicRegion *R =
dyn_cast_or_null<SymbolicRegion>(RetVal.getAsRegion());
if (!R)
return nullptr;
if (Optional<DefinedOrUnknownSVal> DefinedSize =
Size.getAs<DefinedOrUnknownSVal>()) {
SValBuilder &svalBuilder = C.getSValBuilder();
DefinedOrUnknownSVal Extent = R->getExtent(svalBuilder);
DefinedOrUnknownSVal extentMatchesSize =
svalBuilder.evalEQ(State, Extent, *DefinedSize);
State = State->assume(extentMatchesSize, true);
assert(State);
}
return MallocUpdateRefState(C, CE, State, Family);
}
ProgramStateRef MallocChecker::MallocUpdateRefState(CheckerContext &C,
const Expr *E,
ProgramStateRef State,
AllocationFamily Family) {
if (!State)
return nullptr;
// Get the return value.
SVal retVal = State->getSVal(E, C.getLocationContext());
// We expect the malloc functions to return a pointer.
if (!retVal.getAs<Loc>())
return nullptr;
SymbolRef Sym = retVal.getAsLocSymbol();
assert(Sym);
// Set the symbol's state to Allocated.
return State->set<RegionState>(Sym, RefState::getAllocated(Family, E));
}
ProgramStateRef MallocChecker::FreeMemAttr(CheckerContext &C,
const CallExpr *CE,
const OwnershipAttr *Att,
ProgramStateRef State) const {
if (!State)
return nullptr;
if (Att->getModule() != II_malloc)
return nullptr;
bool ReleasedAllocated = false;
for (const auto &Arg : Att->args()) {
ProgramStateRef StateI = FreeMemAux(C, CE, State, Arg,
Att->getOwnKind() == OwnershipAttr::Holds,
ReleasedAllocated);
if (StateI)
State = StateI;
}
return State;
}
ProgramStateRef MallocChecker::FreeMemAux(CheckerContext &C,
const CallExpr *CE,
ProgramStateRef State,
unsigned Num,
bool Hold,
bool &ReleasedAllocated,
bool ReturnsNullOnFailure) const {
if (!State)
return nullptr;
if (CE->getNumArgs() < (Num + 1))
return nullptr;
return FreeMemAux(C, CE->getArg(Num), CE, State, Hold,
ReleasedAllocated, ReturnsNullOnFailure);
}
/// Checks if the previous call to free on the given symbol failed - if free
/// failed, returns true. Also, returns the corresponding return value symbol.
static bool didPreviousFreeFail(ProgramStateRef State,
SymbolRef Sym, SymbolRef &RetStatusSymbol) {
const SymbolRef *Ret = State->get<FreeReturnValue>(Sym);
if (Ret) {
assert(*Ret && "We should not store the null return symbol");
ConstraintManager &CMgr = State->getConstraintManager();
ConditionTruthVal FreeFailed = CMgr.isNull(State, *Ret);
RetStatusSymbol = *Ret;
return FreeFailed.isConstrainedTrue();
}
return false;
}
AllocationFamily MallocChecker::getAllocationFamily(CheckerContext &C,
const Stmt *S) const {
if (!S)
return AF_None;
if (const CallExpr *CE = dyn_cast<CallExpr>(S)) {
const FunctionDecl *FD = C.getCalleeDecl(CE);
if (!FD)
FD = dyn_cast<FunctionDecl>(CE->getCalleeDecl());
ASTContext &Ctx = C.getASTContext();
if (isCMemFunction(FD, Ctx, AF_Malloc, MemoryOperationKind::MOK_Any))
return AF_Malloc;
if (isStandardNewDelete(FD, Ctx)) {
OverloadedOperatorKind Kind = FD->getOverloadedOperator();
if (Kind == OO_New || Kind == OO_Delete)
return AF_CXXNew;
else if (Kind == OO_Array_New || Kind == OO_Array_Delete)
return AF_CXXNewArray;
}
if (isCMemFunction(FD, Ctx, AF_IfNameIndex, MemoryOperationKind::MOK_Any))
return AF_IfNameIndex;
if (isCMemFunction(FD, Ctx, AF_Alloca, MemoryOperationKind::MOK_Any))
return AF_Alloca;
return AF_None;
}
if (const CXXNewExpr *NE = dyn_cast<CXXNewExpr>(S))
return NE->isArray() ? AF_CXXNewArray : AF_CXXNew;
if (const CXXDeleteExpr *DE = dyn_cast<CXXDeleteExpr>(S))
return DE->isArrayForm() ? AF_CXXNewArray : AF_CXXNew;
if (isa<ObjCMessageExpr>(S))
return AF_Malloc;
return AF_None;
}
bool MallocChecker::printAllocDeallocName(raw_ostream &os, CheckerContext &C,
const Expr *E) const {
if (const CallExpr *CE = dyn_cast<CallExpr>(E)) {
// FIXME: This doesn't handle indirect calls.
const FunctionDecl *FD = CE->getDirectCallee();
if (!FD)
return false;
os << *FD;
if (!FD->isOverloadedOperator())
os << "()";
return true;
}
if (const ObjCMessageExpr *Msg = dyn_cast<ObjCMessageExpr>(E)) {
if (Msg->isInstanceMessage())
os << "-";
else
os << "+";
Msg->getSelector().print(os);
return true;
}
if (const CXXNewExpr *NE = dyn_cast<CXXNewExpr>(E)) {
os << "'"
<< getOperatorSpelling(NE->getOperatorNew()->getOverloadedOperator())
<< "'";
return true;
}
if (const CXXDeleteExpr *DE = dyn_cast<CXXDeleteExpr>(E)) {
os << "'"
<< getOperatorSpelling(DE->getOperatorDelete()->getOverloadedOperator())
<< "'";
return true;
}
return false;
}
void MallocChecker::printExpectedAllocName(raw_ostream &os, CheckerContext &C,
const Expr *E) const {
AllocationFamily Family = getAllocationFamily(C, E);
switch(Family) {
case AF_Malloc: os << "malloc()"; return;
case AF_CXXNew: os << "'new'"; return;
case AF_CXXNewArray: os << "'new[]'"; return;
case AF_IfNameIndex: os << "'if_nameindex()'"; return;
case AF_Alloca:
case AF_None: llvm_unreachable("not a deallocation expression");
}
}
void MallocChecker::printExpectedDeallocName(raw_ostream &os,
AllocationFamily Family) const {
switch(Family) {
case AF_Malloc: os << "free()"; return;
case AF_CXXNew: os << "'delete'"; return;
case AF_CXXNewArray: os << "'delete[]'"; return;
case AF_IfNameIndex: os << "'if_freenameindex()'"; return;
case AF_Alloca:
case AF_None: llvm_unreachable("suspicious argument");
}
}
ProgramStateRef MallocChecker::FreeMemAux(CheckerContext &C,
const Expr *ArgExpr,
const Expr *ParentExpr,
ProgramStateRef State,
bool Hold,
bool &ReleasedAllocated,
bool ReturnsNullOnFailure) const {
if (!State)
return nullptr;
SVal ArgVal = State->getSVal(ArgExpr, C.getLocationContext());
if (!ArgVal.getAs<DefinedOrUnknownSVal>())
return nullptr;
DefinedOrUnknownSVal location = ArgVal.castAs<DefinedOrUnknownSVal>();
// Check for null dereferences.
if (!location.getAs<Loc>())
return nullptr;
// The explicit NULL case, no operation is performed.
ProgramStateRef notNullState, nullState;
std::tie(notNullState, nullState) = State->assume(location);
if (nullState && !notNullState)
return nullptr;
// Unknown values could easily be okay
// Undefined values are handled elsewhere
if (ArgVal.isUnknownOrUndef())
return nullptr;
const MemRegion *R = ArgVal.getAsRegion();
// Nonlocs can't be freed, of course.
// Non-region locations (labels and fixed addresses) also shouldn't be freed.
if (!R) {
ReportBadFree(C, ArgVal, ArgExpr->getSourceRange(), ParentExpr);
return nullptr;
}
R = R->StripCasts();
// Blocks might show up as heap data, but should not be free()d
if (isa<BlockDataRegion>(R)) {
ReportBadFree(C, ArgVal, ArgExpr->getSourceRange(), ParentExpr);
return nullptr;
}
const MemSpaceRegion *MS = R->getMemorySpace();
// Parameters, locals, statics, globals, and memory returned by
// __builtin_alloca() shouldn't be freed.
if (!(isa<UnknownSpaceRegion>(MS) || isa<HeapSpaceRegion>(MS))) {
// FIXME: at the time this code was written, malloc() regions were
// represented by conjured symbols, which are all in UnknownSpaceRegion.
// This means that there isn't actually anything from HeapSpaceRegion
// that should be freed, even though we allow it here.
// Of course, free() can work on memory allocated outside the current
// function, so UnknownSpaceRegion is always a possibility.
// False negatives are better than false positives.
if (isa<AllocaRegion>(R))
ReportFreeAlloca(C, ArgVal, ArgExpr->getSourceRange());
else
ReportBadFree(C, ArgVal, ArgExpr->getSourceRange(), ParentExpr);
return nullptr;
}
const SymbolicRegion *SrBase = dyn_cast<SymbolicRegion>(R->getBaseRegion());
// Various cases could lead to non-symbol values here.
// For now, ignore them.
if (!SrBase)
return nullptr;
SymbolRef SymBase = SrBase->getSymbol();
const RefState *RsBase = State->get<RegionState>(SymBase);
SymbolRef PreviousRetStatusSymbol = nullptr;
if (RsBase) {
// Memory returned by alloca() shouldn't be freed.
if (RsBase->getAllocationFamily() == AF_Alloca) {
ReportFreeAlloca(C, ArgVal, ArgExpr->getSourceRange());
return nullptr;
}
// Check for double free first.
if ((RsBase->isReleased() || RsBase->isRelinquished()) &&
!didPreviousFreeFail(State, SymBase, PreviousRetStatusSymbol)) {
ReportDoubleFree(C, ParentExpr->getSourceRange(), RsBase->isReleased(),
SymBase, PreviousRetStatusSymbol);
return nullptr;
// If the pointer is allocated or escaped, but we are now trying to free it,
// check that the call to free is proper.
} else if (RsBase->isAllocated() || RsBase->isAllocatedOfSizeZero() ||
RsBase->isEscaped()) {
// Check if an expected deallocation function matches the real one.
bool DeallocMatchesAlloc =
RsBase->getAllocationFamily() == getAllocationFamily(C, ParentExpr);
if (!DeallocMatchesAlloc) {
ReportMismatchedDealloc(C, ArgExpr->getSourceRange(),
ParentExpr, RsBase, SymBase, Hold);
return nullptr;
}
// Check if the memory location being freed is the actual location
// allocated, or an offset.
RegionOffset Offset = R->getAsOffset();
if (Offset.isValid() &&
!Offset.hasSymbolicOffset() &&
Offset.getOffset() != 0) {
const Expr *AllocExpr = cast<Expr>(RsBase->getStmt());
ReportOffsetFree(C, ArgVal, ArgExpr->getSourceRange(), ParentExpr,
AllocExpr);
return nullptr;
}
}
}
ReleasedAllocated = (RsBase != nullptr) && (RsBase->isAllocated() ||
RsBase->isAllocatedOfSizeZero());
// Clean out the info on previous call to free return info.
State = State->remove<FreeReturnValue>(SymBase);
// Keep track of the return value. If it is NULL, we will know that free
// failed.
if (ReturnsNullOnFailure) {
SVal RetVal = C.getSVal(ParentExpr);
SymbolRef RetStatusSymbol = RetVal.getAsSymbol();
if (RetStatusSymbol) {
C.getSymbolManager().addSymbolDependency(SymBase, RetStatusSymbol);
State = State->set<FreeReturnValue>(SymBase, RetStatusSymbol);
}
}
AllocationFamily Family = RsBase ? RsBase->getAllocationFamily()
: getAllocationFamily(C, ParentExpr);
// Normal free.
if (Hold)
return State->set<RegionState>(SymBase,
RefState::getRelinquished(Family,
ParentExpr));
return State->set<RegionState>(SymBase,
RefState::getReleased(Family, ParentExpr));
}
Optional<MallocChecker::CheckKind>
MallocChecker::getCheckIfTracked(AllocationFamily Family,
bool IsALeakCheck) const {
switch (Family) {
case AF_Malloc:
case AF_Alloca:
case AF_IfNameIndex: {
if (ChecksEnabled[CK_MallocChecker])
return CK_MallocChecker;
return Optional<MallocChecker::CheckKind>();
}
case AF_CXXNew:
case AF_CXXNewArray: {
if (IsALeakCheck) {
if (ChecksEnabled[CK_NewDeleteLeaksChecker])
return CK_NewDeleteLeaksChecker;
}
else {
if (ChecksEnabled[CK_NewDeleteChecker])
return CK_NewDeleteChecker;
}
return Optional<MallocChecker::CheckKind>();
}
case AF_None: {
llvm_unreachable("no family");
}
}
llvm_unreachable("unhandled family");
}
Optional<MallocChecker::CheckKind>
MallocChecker::getCheckIfTracked(CheckerContext &C,
const Stmt *AllocDeallocStmt,
bool IsALeakCheck) const {
return getCheckIfTracked(getAllocationFamily(C, AllocDeallocStmt),
IsALeakCheck);
}
Optional<MallocChecker::CheckKind>
MallocChecker::getCheckIfTracked(CheckerContext &C, SymbolRef Sym,
bool IsALeakCheck) const {
const RefState *RS = C.getState()->get<RegionState>(Sym);
assert(RS);
return getCheckIfTracked(RS->getAllocationFamily(), IsALeakCheck);
}
bool MallocChecker::SummarizeValue(raw_ostream &os, SVal V) {
if (Optional<nonloc::ConcreteInt> IntVal = V.getAs<nonloc::ConcreteInt>())
os << "an integer (" << IntVal->getValue() << ")";
else if (Optional<loc::ConcreteInt> ConstAddr = V.getAs<loc::ConcreteInt>())
os << "a constant address (" << ConstAddr->getValue() << ")";
else if (Optional<loc::GotoLabel> Label = V.getAs<loc::GotoLabel>())
os << "the address of the label '" << Label->getLabel()->getName() << "'";
else
return false;
return true;
}
bool MallocChecker::SummarizeRegion(raw_ostream &os,
const MemRegion *MR) {
switch (MR->getKind()) {
case MemRegion::FunctionTextRegionKind: {
const NamedDecl *FD = cast<FunctionTextRegion>(MR)->getDecl();
if (FD)
os << "the address of the function '" << *FD << '\'';
else
os << "the address of a function";
return true;
}
case MemRegion::BlockTextRegionKind:
os << "block text";
return true;
case MemRegion::BlockDataRegionKind:
// FIXME: where the block came from?
os << "a block";
return true;
default: {
const MemSpaceRegion *MS = MR->getMemorySpace();
if (isa<StackLocalsSpaceRegion>(MS)) {
const VarRegion *VR = dyn_cast<VarRegion>(MR);
const VarDecl *VD;
if (VR)
VD = VR->getDecl();
else
VD = nullptr;
if (VD)
os << "the address of the local variable '" << VD->getName() << "'";
else
os << "the address of a local stack variable";
return true;
}
if (isa<StackArgumentsSpaceRegion>(MS)) {
const VarRegion *VR = dyn_cast<VarRegion>(MR);
const VarDecl *VD;
if (VR)
VD = VR->getDecl();
else
VD = nullptr;
if (VD)
os << "the address of the parameter '" << VD->getName() << "'";
else
os << "the address of a parameter";
return true;
}
if (isa<GlobalsSpaceRegion>(MS)) {
const VarRegion *VR = dyn_cast<VarRegion>(MR);
const VarDecl *VD;
if (VR)
VD = VR->getDecl();
else
VD = nullptr;
if (VD) {
if (VD->isStaticLocal())
os << "the address of the static variable '" << VD->getName() << "'";
else
os << "the address of the global variable '" << VD->getName() << "'";
} else
os << "the address of a global variable";
return true;
}
return false;
}
}
}
void MallocChecker::ReportBadFree(CheckerContext &C, SVal ArgVal,
SourceRange Range,
const Expr *DeallocExpr) const {
if (!ChecksEnabled[CK_MallocChecker] &&
!ChecksEnabled[CK_NewDeleteChecker])
return;
Optional<MallocChecker::CheckKind> CheckKind =
getCheckIfTracked(C, DeallocExpr);
if (!CheckKind.hasValue())
return;
if (ExplodedNode *N = C.generateSink()) {
if (!BT_BadFree[*CheckKind])
BT_BadFree[*CheckKind].reset(
new BugType(CheckNames[*CheckKind], "Bad free", "Memory Error"));
SmallString<100> buf;
llvm::raw_svector_ostream os(buf);
const MemRegion *MR = ArgVal.getAsRegion();
while (const ElementRegion *ER = dyn_cast_or_null<ElementRegion>(MR))
MR = ER->getSuperRegion();
os << "Argument to ";
if (!printAllocDeallocName(os, C, DeallocExpr))
os << "deallocator";
os << " is ";
bool Summarized = MR ? SummarizeRegion(os, MR)
: SummarizeValue(os, ArgVal);
if (Summarized)
os << ", which is not memory allocated by ";
else
os << "not memory allocated by ";
printExpectedAllocName(os, C, DeallocExpr);
BugReport *R = new BugReport(*BT_BadFree[*CheckKind], os.str(), N);
R->markInteresting(MR);
R->addRange(Range);
C.emitReport(R);
}
}
void MallocChecker::ReportFreeAlloca(CheckerContext &C, SVal ArgVal,
SourceRange Range) const {
Optional<MallocChecker::CheckKind> CheckKind;
if (ChecksEnabled[CK_MallocChecker])
CheckKind = CK_MallocChecker;
else if (ChecksEnabled[CK_MismatchedDeallocatorChecker])
CheckKind = CK_MismatchedDeallocatorChecker;
else
return;
if (ExplodedNode *N = C.generateSink()) {
if (!BT_FreeAlloca[*CheckKind])
BT_FreeAlloca[*CheckKind].reset(
new BugType(CheckNames[*CheckKind], "Free alloca()", "Memory Error"));
BugReport *R = new BugReport(*BT_FreeAlloca[*CheckKind],
"Memory allocated by alloca() should not be deallocated", N);
R->markInteresting(ArgVal.getAsRegion());
R->addRange(Range);
C.emitReport(R);
}
}
void MallocChecker::ReportMismatchedDealloc(CheckerContext &C,
SourceRange Range,
const Expr *DeallocExpr,
const RefState *RS,
SymbolRef Sym,
bool OwnershipTransferred) const {
if (!ChecksEnabled[CK_MismatchedDeallocatorChecker])
return;
if (ExplodedNode *N = C.generateSink()) {
if (!BT_MismatchedDealloc)
BT_MismatchedDealloc.reset(
new BugType(CheckNames[CK_MismatchedDeallocatorChecker],
"Bad deallocator", "Memory Error"));
SmallString<100> buf;
llvm::raw_svector_ostream os(buf);
const Expr *AllocExpr = cast<Expr>(RS->getStmt());
SmallString<20> AllocBuf;
llvm::raw_svector_ostream AllocOs(AllocBuf);
SmallString<20> DeallocBuf;
llvm::raw_svector_ostream DeallocOs(DeallocBuf);
if (OwnershipTransferred) {
if (printAllocDeallocName(DeallocOs, C, DeallocExpr))
os << DeallocOs.str() << " cannot";
else
os << "Cannot";
os << " take ownership of memory";
if (printAllocDeallocName(AllocOs, C, AllocExpr))
os << " allocated by " << AllocOs.str();
} else {
os << "Memory";
if (printAllocDeallocName(AllocOs, C, AllocExpr))
os << " allocated by " << AllocOs.str();
os << " should be deallocated by ";
printExpectedDeallocName(os, RS->getAllocationFamily());
if (printAllocDeallocName(DeallocOs, C, DeallocExpr))
os << ", not " << DeallocOs.str();
}
BugReport *R = new BugReport(*BT_MismatchedDealloc, os.str(), N);
R->markInteresting(Sym);
R->addRange(Range);
R->addVisitor(llvm::make_unique<MallocBugVisitor>(Sym));
C.emitReport(R);
}
}
void MallocChecker::ReportOffsetFree(CheckerContext &C, SVal ArgVal,
SourceRange Range, const Expr *DeallocExpr,
const Expr *AllocExpr) const {
if (!ChecksEnabled[CK_MallocChecker] &&
!ChecksEnabled[CK_NewDeleteChecker])
return;
Optional<MallocChecker::CheckKind> CheckKind =
getCheckIfTracked(C, AllocExpr);
if (!CheckKind.hasValue())
return;
ExplodedNode *N = C.generateSink();
if (!N)
return;
if (!BT_OffsetFree[*CheckKind])
BT_OffsetFree[*CheckKind].reset(
new BugType(CheckNames[*CheckKind], "Offset free", "Memory Error"));
SmallString<100> buf;
llvm::raw_svector_ostream os(buf);
SmallString<20> AllocNameBuf;
llvm::raw_svector_ostream AllocNameOs(AllocNameBuf);
const MemRegion *MR = ArgVal.getAsRegion();
assert(MR && "Only MemRegion based symbols can have offset free errors");
RegionOffset Offset = MR->getAsOffset();
assert((Offset.isValid() &&
!Offset.hasSymbolicOffset() &&
Offset.getOffset() != 0) &&
"Only symbols with a valid offset can have offset free errors");
int offsetBytes = Offset.getOffset() / C.getASTContext().getCharWidth();
os << "Argument to ";
if (!printAllocDeallocName(os, C, DeallocExpr))
os << "deallocator";
os << " is offset by "
<< offsetBytes
<< " "
<< ((abs(offsetBytes) > 1) ? "bytes" : "byte")
<< " from the start of ";
if (AllocExpr && printAllocDeallocName(AllocNameOs, C, AllocExpr))
os << "memory allocated by " << AllocNameOs.str();
else
os << "allocated memory";
BugReport *R = new BugReport(*BT_OffsetFree[*CheckKind], os.str(), N);
R->markInteresting(MR->getBaseRegion());
R->addRange(Range);
C.emitReport(R);
}
void MallocChecker::ReportUseAfterFree(CheckerContext &C, SourceRange Range,
SymbolRef Sym) const {
if (!ChecksEnabled[CK_MallocChecker] &&
!ChecksEnabled[CK_NewDeleteChecker])
return;
Optional<MallocChecker::CheckKind> CheckKind = getCheckIfTracked(C, Sym);
if (!CheckKind.hasValue())
return;
if (ExplodedNode *N = C.generateSink()) {
if (!BT_UseFree[*CheckKind])
BT_UseFree[*CheckKind].reset(new BugType(
CheckNames[*CheckKind], "Use-after-free", "Memory Error"));
BugReport *R = new BugReport(*BT_UseFree[*CheckKind],
"Use of memory after it is freed", N);
R->markInteresting(Sym);
R->addRange(Range);
R->addVisitor(llvm::make_unique<MallocBugVisitor>(Sym));
C.emitReport(R);
}
}
void MallocChecker::ReportDoubleFree(CheckerContext &C, SourceRange Range,
bool Released, SymbolRef Sym,
SymbolRef PrevSym) const {
if (!ChecksEnabled[CK_MallocChecker] &&
!ChecksEnabled[CK_NewDeleteChecker])
return;
Optional<MallocChecker::CheckKind> CheckKind = getCheckIfTracked(C, Sym);
if (!CheckKind.hasValue())
return;
if (ExplodedNode *N = C.generateSink()) {
if (!BT_DoubleFree[*CheckKind])
BT_DoubleFree[*CheckKind].reset(
new BugType(CheckNames[*CheckKind], "Double free", "Memory Error"));
BugReport *R =
new BugReport(*BT_DoubleFree[*CheckKind],
(Released ? "Attempt to free released memory"
: "Attempt to free non-owned memory"),
N);
R->addRange(Range);
R->markInteresting(Sym);
if (PrevSym)
R->markInteresting(PrevSym);
R->addVisitor(llvm::make_unique<MallocBugVisitor>(Sym));
C.emitReport(R);
}
}
void MallocChecker::ReportDoubleDelete(CheckerContext &C, SymbolRef Sym) const {
if (!ChecksEnabled[CK_NewDeleteChecker])
return;
Optional<MallocChecker::CheckKind> CheckKind = getCheckIfTracked(C, Sym);
if (!CheckKind.hasValue())
return;
if (ExplodedNode *N = C.generateSink()) {
if (!BT_DoubleDelete)
BT_DoubleDelete.reset(new BugType(CheckNames[CK_NewDeleteChecker],
"Double delete", "Memory Error"));
BugReport *R = new BugReport(*BT_DoubleDelete,
"Attempt to delete released memory", N);
R->markInteresting(Sym);
R->addVisitor(llvm::make_unique<MallocBugVisitor>(Sym));
C.emitReport(R);
}
}
void MallocChecker::ReportUseZeroAllocated(CheckerContext &C,
SourceRange Range,
SymbolRef Sym) const {
if (!ChecksEnabled[CK_MallocChecker] &&
!ChecksEnabled[CK_NewDeleteChecker])
return;
Optional<MallocChecker::CheckKind> CheckKind = getCheckIfTracked(C, Sym);
if (!CheckKind.hasValue())
return;
if (ExplodedNode *N = C.generateSink()) {
if (!BT_UseZerroAllocated[*CheckKind])
BT_UseZerroAllocated[*CheckKind].reset(new BugType(
CheckNames[*CheckKind], "Use of zero allocated", "Memory Error"));
BugReport *R = new BugReport(*BT_UseZerroAllocated[*CheckKind],
"Use of zero-allocated memory", N);
R->addRange(Range);
if (Sym) {
R->markInteresting(Sym);
R->addVisitor(llvm::make_unique<MallocBugVisitor>(Sym));
}
C.emitReport(R);
}
}
ProgramStateRef MallocChecker::ReallocMem(CheckerContext &C,
const CallExpr *CE,
bool FreesOnFail,
ProgramStateRef State) const {
if (!State)
return nullptr;
if (CE->getNumArgs() < 2)
return nullptr;
const Expr *arg0Expr = CE->getArg(0);
const LocationContext *LCtx = C.getLocationContext();
SVal Arg0Val = State->getSVal(arg0Expr, LCtx);
if (!Arg0Val.getAs<DefinedOrUnknownSVal>())
return nullptr;
DefinedOrUnknownSVal arg0Val = Arg0Val.castAs<DefinedOrUnknownSVal>();
SValBuilder &svalBuilder = C.getSValBuilder();
DefinedOrUnknownSVal PtrEQ =
svalBuilder.evalEQ(State, arg0Val, svalBuilder.makeNull());
// Get the size argument. If there is no size arg then give up.
const Expr *Arg1 = CE->getArg(1);
if (!Arg1)
return nullptr;
// Get the value of the size argument.
SVal Arg1ValG = State->getSVal(Arg1, LCtx);
if (!Arg1ValG.getAs<DefinedOrUnknownSVal>())
return nullptr;
DefinedOrUnknownSVal Arg1Val = Arg1ValG.castAs<DefinedOrUnknownSVal>();
// Compare the size argument to 0.
DefinedOrUnknownSVal SizeZero =
svalBuilder.evalEQ(State, Arg1Val,
svalBuilder.makeIntValWithPtrWidth(0, false));
ProgramStateRef StatePtrIsNull, StatePtrNotNull;
std::tie(StatePtrIsNull, StatePtrNotNull) = State->assume(PtrEQ);
ProgramStateRef StateSizeIsZero, StateSizeNotZero;
std::tie(StateSizeIsZero, StateSizeNotZero) = State->assume(SizeZero);
// We only assume exceptional states if they are definitely true; if the
// state is under-constrained, assume regular realloc behavior.
bool PrtIsNull = StatePtrIsNull && !StatePtrNotNull;
bool SizeIsZero = StateSizeIsZero && !StateSizeNotZero;
// If the ptr is NULL and the size is not 0, the call is equivalent to
// malloc(size).
if ( PrtIsNull && !SizeIsZero) {
ProgramStateRef stateMalloc = MallocMemAux(C, CE, CE->getArg(1),
UndefinedVal(), StatePtrIsNull);
return stateMalloc;
}
if (PrtIsNull && SizeIsZero)
return nullptr;
// Get the from and to pointer symbols as in toPtr = realloc(fromPtr, size).
assert(!PrtIsNull);
SymbolRef FromPtr = arg0Val.getAsSymbol();
SVal RetVal = State->getSVal(CE, LCtx);
SymbolRef ToPtr = RetVal.getAsSymbol();
if (!FromPtr || !ToPtr)
return nullptr;
bool ReleasedAllocated = false;
// If the size is 0, free the memory.
if (SizeIsZero)
if (ProgramStateRef stateFree = FreeMemAux(C, CE, StateSizeIsZero, 0,
false, ReleasedAllocated)){
// The semantics of the return value are:
// If size was equal to 0, either NULL or a pointer suitable to be passed
// to free() is returned. We just free the input pointer and do not add
// any constrains on the output pointer.
return stateFree;
}
// Default behavior.
if (ProgramStateRef stateFree =
FreeMemAux(C, CE, State, 0, false, ReleasedAllocated)) {
ProgramStateRef stateRealloc = MallocMemAux(C, CE, CE->getArg(1),
UnknownVal(), stateFree);
if (!stateRealloc)
return nullptr;
ReallocPairKind Kind = RPToBeFreedAfterFailure;
if (FreesOnFail)
Kind = RPIsFreeOnFailure;
else if (!ReleasedAllocated)
Kind = RPDoNotTrackAfterFailure;
// Record the info about the reallocated symbol so that we could properly
// process failed reallocation.
stateRealloc = stateRealloc->set<ReallocPairs>(ToPtr,
ReallocPair(FromPtr, Kind));
// The reallocated symbol should stay alive for as long as the new symbol.
C.getSymbolManager().addSymbolDependency(ToPtr, FromPtr);
return stateRealloc;
}
return nullptr;
}
ProgramStateRef MallocChecker::CallocMem(CheckerContext &C, const CallExpr *CE,
ProgramStateRef State) {
if (!State)
return nullptr;
if (CE->getNumArgs() < 2)
return nullptr;
SValBuilder &svalBuilder = C.getSValBuilder();
const LocationContext *LCtx = C.getLocationContext();
SVal count = State->getSVal(CE->getArg(0), LCtx);
SVal elementSize = State->getSVal(CE->getArg(1), LCtx);
SVal TotalSize = svalBuilder.evalBinOp(State, BO_Mul, count, elementSize,
svalBuilder.getContext().getSizeType());
SVal zeroVal = svalBuilder.makeZeroVal(svalBuilder.getContext().CharTy);
return MallocMemAux(C, CE, TotalSize, zeroVal, State);
}
LeakInfo
MallocChecker::getAllocationSite(const ExplodedNode *N, SymbolRef Sym,
CheckerContext &C) const {
const LocationContext *LeakContext = N->getLocationContext();
// Walk the ExplodedGraph backwards and find the first node that referred to
// the tracked symbol.
const ExplodedNode *AllocNode = N;
const MemRegion *ReferenceRegion = nullptr;
while (N) {
ProgramStateRef State = N->getState();
if (!State->get<RegionState>(Sym))
break;
// Find the most recent expression bound to the symbol in the current
// context.
if (!ReferenceRegion) {
if (const MemRegion *MR = C.getLocationRegionIfPostStore(N)) {
SVal Val = State->getSVal(MR);
if (Val.getAsLocSymbol() == Sym) {
const VarRegion* VR = MR->getBaseRegion()->getAs<VarRegion>();
// Do not show local variables belonging to a function other than
// where the error is reported.
if (!VR ||
(VR->getStackFrame() == LeakContext->getCurrentStackFrame()))
ReferenceRegion = MR;
}
}
}
// Allocation node, is the last node in the current or parent context in
// which the symbol was tracked.
const LocationContext *NContext = N->getLocationContext();
if (NContext == LeakContext ||
NContext->isParentOf(LeakContext))
AllocNode = N;
N = N->pred_empty() ? nullptr : *(N->pred_begin());
}
return LeakInfo(AllocNode, ReferenceRegion);
}
void MallocChecker::reportLeak(SymbolRef Sym, ExplodedNode *N,
CheckerContext &C) const {
if (!ChecksEnabled[CK_MallocChecker] &&
!ChecksEnabled[CK_NewDeleteLeaksChecker])
return;
const RefState *RS = C.getState()->get<RegionState>(Sym);
assert(RS && "cannot leak an untracked symbol");
AllocationFamily Family = RS->getAllocationFamily();
if (Family == AF_Alloca)
return;
Optional<MallocChecker::CheckKind>
CheckKind = getCheckIfTracked(Family, true);
if (!CheckKind.hasValue())
return;
assert(N);
if (!BT_Leak[*CheckKind]) {
BT_Leak[*CheckKind].reset(
new BugType(CheckNames[*CheckKind], "Memory leak", "Memory Error"));
// Leaks should not be reported if they are post-dominated by a sink:
// (1) Sinks are higher importance bugs.
// (2) NoReturnFunctionChecker uses sink nodes to represent paths ending
// with __noreturn functions such as assert() or exit(). We choose not
// to report leaks on such paths.
BT_Leak[*CheckKind]->setSuppressOnSink(true);
}
// Most bug reports are cached at the location where they occurred.
// With leaks, we want to unique them by the location where they were
// allocated, and only report a single path.
PathDiagnosticLocation LocUsedForUniqueing;
const ExplodedNode *AllocNode = nullptr;
const MemRegion *Region = nullptr;
std::tie(AllocNode, Region) = getAllocationSite(N, Sym, C);
ProgramPoint P = AllocNode->getLocation();
const Stmt *AllocationStmt = nullptr;
if (Optional<CallExitEnd> Exit = P.getAs<CallExitEnd>())
AllocationStmt = Exit->getCalleeContext()->getCallSite();
else if (Optional<StmtPoint> SP = P.getAs<StmtPoint>())
AllocationStmt = SP->getStmt();
if (AllocationStmt)
LocUsedForUniqueing = PathDiagnosticLocation::createBegin(AllocationStmt,
C.getSourceManager(),
AllocNode->getLocationContext());
SmallString<200> buf;
llvm::raw_svector_ostream os(buf);
if (Region && Region->canPrintPretty()) {
os << "Potential leak of memory pointed to by ";
Region->printPretty(os);
} else {
os << "Potential memory leak";
}
BugReport *R =
new BugReport(*BT_Leak[*CheckKind], os.str(), N, LocUsedForUniqueing,
AllocNode->getLocationContext()->getDecl());
R->markInteresting(Sym);
R->addVisitor(llvm::make_unique<MallocBugVisitor>(Sym, true));
C.emitReport(R);
}
void MallocChecker::checkDeadSymbols(SymbolReaper &SymReaper,
CheckerContext &C) const
{
if (!SymReaper.hasDeadSymbols())
return;
ProgramStateRef state = C.getState();
RegionStateTy RS = state->get<RegionState>();
RegionStateTy::Factory &F = state->get_context<RegionState>();
SmallVector<SymbolRef, 2> Errors;
for (RegionStateTy::iterator I = RS.begin(), E = RS.end(); I != E; ++I) {
if (SymReaper.isDead(I->first)) {
if (I->second.isAllocated() || I->second.isAllocatedOfSizeZero())
Errors.push_back(I->first);
// Remove the dead symbol from the map.
RS = F.remove(RS, I->first);
}
}
// Cleanup the Realloc Pairs Map.
ReallocPairsTy RP = state->get<ReallocPairs>();
for (ReallocPairsTy::iterator I = RP.begin(), E = RP.end(); I != E; ++I) {
if (SymReaper.isDead(I->first) ||
SymReaper.isDead(I->second.ReallocatedSym)) {
state = state->remove<ReallocPairs>(I->first);
}
}
// Cleanup the FreeReturnValue Map.
FreeReturnValueTy FR = state->get<FreeReturnValue>();
for (FreeReturnValueTy::iterator I = FR.begin(), E = FR.end(); I != E; ++I) {
if (SymReaper.isDead(I->first) ||
SymReaper.isDead(I->second)) {
state = state->remove<FreeReturnValue>(I->first);
}
}
// Generate leak node.
ExplodedNode *N = C.getPredecessor();
if (!Errors.empty()) {
static CheckerProgramPointTag Tag("MallocChecker", "DeadSymbolsLeak");
N = C.addTransition(C.getState(), C.getPredecessor(), &Tag);
for (SmallVectorImpl<SymbolRef>::iterator
I = Errors.begin(), E = Errors.end(); I != E; ++I) {
reportLeak(*I, N, C);
}
}
C.addTransition(state->set<RegionState>(RS), N);
}
void MallocChecker::checkPreCall(const CallEvent &Call,
CheckerContext &C) const {
if (const CXXDestructorCall *DC = dyn_cast<CXXDestructorCall>(&Call)) {
SymbolRef Sym = DC->getCXXThisVal().getAsSymbol();
if (!Sym || checkDoubleDelete(Sym, C))
return;
}
// We will check for double free in the post visit.
if (const AnyFunctionCall *FC = dyn_cast<AnyFunctionCall>(&Call)) {
const FunctionDecl *FD = FC->getDecl();
if (!FD)
return;
ASTContext &Ctx = C.getASTContext();
if (ChecksEnabled[CK_MallocChecker] &&
(isCMemFunction(FD, Ctx, AF_Malloc, MemoryOperationKind::MOK_Free) ||
isCMemFunction(FD, Ctx, AF_IfNameIndex,
MemoryOperationKind::MOK_Free)))
return;
if (ChecksEnabled[CK_NewDeleteChecker] &&
isStandardNewDelete(FD, Ctx))
return;
}
// Check if the callee of a method is deleted.
if (const CXXInstanceCall *CC = dyn_cast<CXXInstanceCall>(&Call)) {
SymbolRef Sym = CC->getCXXThisVal().getAsSymbol();
if (!Sym || checkUseAfterFree(Sym, C, CC->getCXXThisExpr()))
return;
}
// Check arguments for being used after free.
for (unsigned I = 0, E = Call.getNumArgs(); I != E; ++I) {
SVal ArgSVal = Call.getArgSVal(I);
if (ArgSVal.getAs<Loc>()) {
SymbolRef Sym = ArgSVal.getAsSymbol();
if (!Sym)
continue;
if (checkUseAfterFree(Sym, C, Call.getArgExpr(I)))
return;
}
}
}
void MallocChecker::checkPreStmt(const ReturnStmt *S, CheckerContext &C) const {
const Expr *E = S->getRetValue();
if (!E)
return;
// Check if we are returning a symbol.
ProgramStateRef State = C.getState();
SVal RetVal = State->getSVal(E, C.getLocationContext());
SymbolRef Sym = RetVal.getAsSymbol();
if (!Sym)
// If we are returning a field of the allocated struct or an array element,
// the callee could still free the memory.
// TODO: This logic should be a part of generic symbol escape callback.
if (const MemRegion *MR = RetVal.getAsRegion())
if (isa<FieldRegion>(MR) || isa<ElementRegion>(MR))
if (const SymbolicRegion *BMR =
dyn_cast<SymbolicRegion>(MR->getBaseRegion()))
Sym = BMR->getSymbol();
// Check if we are returning freed memory.
if (Sym)
checkUseAfterFree(Sym, C, E);
}
// TODO: Blocks should be either inlined or should call invalidate regions
// upon invocation. After that's in place, special casing here will not be
// needed.
void MallocChecker::checkPostStmt(const BlockExpr *BE,
CheckerContext &C) const {
// Scan the BlockDecRefExprs for any object the retain count checker
// may be tracking.
if (!BE->getBlockDecl()->hasCaptures())
return;
ProgramStateRef state = C.getState();
const BlockDataRegion *R =
cast<BlockDataRegion>(state->getSVal(BE,
C.getLocationContext()).getAsRegion());
BlockDataRegion::referenced_vars_iterator I = R->referenced_vars_begin(),
E = R->referenced_vars_end();
if (I == E)
return;
SmallVector<const MemRegion*, 10> Regions;
const LocationContext *LC = C.getLocationContext();
MemRegionManager &MemMgr = C.getSValBuilder().getRegionManager();
for ( ; I != E; ++I) {
const VarRegion *VR = I.getCapturedRegion();
if (VR->getSuperRegion() == R) {
VR = MemMgr.getVarRegion(VR->getDecl(), LC);
}
Regions.push_back(VR);
}
state =
state->scanReachableSymbols<StopTrackingCallback>(Regions.data(),
Regions.data() + Regions.size()).getState();
C.addTransition(state);
}
bool MallocChecker::isReleased(SymbolRef Sym, CheckerContext &C) const {
assert(Sym);
const RefState *RS = C.getState()->get<RegionState>(Sym);
return (RS && RS->isReleased());
}
bool MallocChecker::checkUseAfterFree(SymbolRef Sym, CheckerContext &C,
const Stmt *S) const {
if (isReleased(Sym, C)) {
ReportUseAfterFree(C, S->getSourceRange(), Sym);
return true;
}
return false;
}
void MallocChecker::checkUseZeroAllocated(SymbolRef Sym, CheckerContext &C,
const Stmt *S) const {
assert(Sym);
const RefState *RS = C.getState()->get<RegionState>(Sym);
if (RS && RS->isAllocatedOfSizeZero())
ReportUseZeroAllocated(C, RS->getStmt()->getSourceRange(), Sym);
}
bool MallocChecker::checkDoubleDelete(SymbolRef Sym, CheckerContext &C) const {
if (isReleased(Sym, C)) {
ReportDoubleDelete(C, Sym);
return true;
}
return false;
}
// Check if the location is a freed symbolic region.
void MallocChecker::checkLocation(SVal l, bool isLoad, const Stmt *S,
CheckerContext &C) const {
SymbolRef Sym = l.getLocSymbolInBase();
if (Sym) {
checkUseAfterFree(Sym, C, S);
checkUseZeroAllocated(Sym, C, S);
}
}
// If a symbolic region is assumed to NULL (or another constant), stop tracking
// it - assuming that allocation failed on this path.
ProgramStateRef MallocChecker::evalAssume(ProgramStateRef state,
SVal Cond,
bool Assumption) const {
RegionStateTy RS = state->get<RegionState>();
for (RegionStateTy::iterator I = RS.begin(), E = RS.end(); I != E; ++I) {
// If the symbol is assumed to be NULL, remove it from consideration.
ConstraintManager &CMgr = state->getConstraintManager();
ConditionTruthVal AllocFailed = CMgr.isNull(state, I.getKey());
if (AllocFailed.isConstrainedTrue())
state = state->remove<RegionState>(I.getKey());
}
// Realloc returns 0 when reallocation fails, which means that we should
// restore the state of the pointer being reallocated.
ReallocPairsTy RP = state->get<ReallocPairs>();
for (ReallocPairsTy::iterator I = RP.begin(), E = RP.end(); I != E; ++I) {
// If the symbol is assumed to be NULL, remove it from consideration.
ConstraintManager &CMgr = state->getConstraintManager();
ConditionTruthVal AllocFailed = CMgr.isNull(state, I.getKey());
if (!AllocFailed.isConstrainedTrue())
continue;
SymbolRef ReallocSym = I.getData().ReallocatedSym;
if (const RefState *RS = state->get<RegionState>(ReallocSym)) {
if (RS->isReleased()) {
if (I.getData().Kind == RPToBeFreedAfterFailure)
state = state->set<RegionState>(ReallocSym,
RefState::getAllocated(RS->getAllocationFamily(), RS->getStmt()));
else if (I.getData().Kind == RPDoNotTrackAfterFailure)
state = state->remove<RegionState>(ReallocSym);
else
assert(I.getData().Kind == RPIsFreeOnFailure);
}
}
state = state->remove<ReallocPairs>(I.getKey());
}
return state;
}
bool MallocChecker::mayFreeAnyEscapedMemoryOrIsModeledExplicitly(
const CallEvent *Call,
ProgramStateRef State,
SymbolRef &EscapingSymbol) const {
assert(Call);
EscapingSymbol = nullptr;
// For now, assume that any C++ or block call can free memory.
// TODO: If we want to be more optimistic here, we'll need to make sure that
// regions escape to C++ containers. They seem to do that even now, but for
// mysterious reasons.
if (!(isa<SimpleFunctionCall>(Call) || isa<ObjCMethodCall>(Call)))
return true;
// Check Objective-C messages by selector name.
if (const ObjCMethodCall *Msg = dyn_cast<ObjCMethodCall>(Call)) {
// If it's not a framework call, or if it takes a callback, assume it
// can free memory.
if (!Call->isInSystemHeader() || Call->hasNonZeroCallbackArg())
return true;
// If it's a method we know about, handle it explicitly post-call.
// This should happen before the "freeWhenDone" check below.
if (isKnownDeallocObjCMethodName(*Msg))
return false;
// If there's a "freeWhenDone" parameter, but the method isn't one we know
// about, we can't be sure that the object will use free() to deallocate the
// memory, so we can't model it explicitly. The best we can do is use it to
// decide whether the pointer escapes.
if (Optional<bool> FreeWhenDone = getFreeWhenDoneArg(*Msg))
return *FreeWhenDone;
// If the first selector piece ends with "NoCopy", and there is no
// "freeWhenDone" parameter set to zero, we know ownership is being
// transferred. Again, though, we can't be sure that the object will use
// free() to deallocate the memory, so we can't model it explicitly.
StringRef FirstSlot = Msg->getSelector().getNameForSlot(0);
if (FirstSlot.endswith("NoCopy"))
return true;
// If the first selector starts with addPointer, insertPointer,
// or replacePointer, assume we are dealing with NSPointerArray or similar.
// This is similar to C++ containers (vector); we still might want to check
// that the pointers get freed by following the container itself.
if (FirstSlot.startswith("addPointer") ||
FirstSlot.startswith("insertPointer") ||
FirstSlot.startswith("replacePointer") ||
FirstSlot.equals("valueWithPointer")) {
return true;
}
// We should escape receiver on call to 'init'. This is especially relevant
// to the receiver, as the corresponding symbol is usually not referenced
// after the call.
if (Msg->getMethodFamily() == OMF_init) {
EscapingSymbol = Msg->getReceiverSVal().getAsSymbol();
return true;
}
// Otherwise, assume that the method does not free memory.
// Most framework methods do not free memory.
return false;
}
// At this point the only thing left to handle is straight function calls.
const FunctionDecl *FD = cast<SimpleFunctionCall>(Call)->getDecl();
if (!FD)
return true;
ASTContext &ASTC = State->getStateManager().getContext();
// If it's one of the allocation functions we can reason about, we model
// its behavior explicitly.
if (isMemFunction(FD, ASTC))
return false;
// If it's not a system call, assume it frees memory.
if (!Call->isInSystemHeader())
return true;
// White list the system functions whose arguments escape.
const IdentifierInfo *II = FD->getIdentifier();
if (!II)
return true;
StringRef FName = II->getName();
// White list the 'XXXNoCopy' CoreFoundation functions.
// We specifically check these before
if (FName.endswith("NoCopy")) {
// Look for the deallocator argument. We know that the memory ownership
// is not transferred only if the deallocator argument is
// 'kCFAllocatorNull'.
for (unsigned i = 1; i < Call->getNumArgs(); ++i) {
const Expr *ArgE = Call->getArgExpr(i)->IgnoreParenCasts();
if (const DeclRefExpr *DE = dyn_cast<DeclRefExpr>(ArgE)) {
StringRef DeallocatorName = DE->getFoundDecl()->getName();
if (DeallocatorName == "kCFAllocatorNull")
return false;
}
}
return true;
}
// Associating streams with malloced buffers. The pointer can escape if
// 'closefn' is specified (and if that function does free memory),
// but it will not if closefn is not specified.
// Currently, we do not inspect the 'closefn' function (PR12101).
if (FName == "funopen")
if (Call->getNumArgs() >= 4 && Call->getArgSVal(4).isConstant(0))
return false;
// Do not warn on pointers passed to 'setbuf' when used with std streams,
// these leaks might be intentional when setting the buffer for stdio.
// http://stackoverflow.com/questions/2671151/who-frees-setvbuf-buffer
if (FName == "setbuf" || FName =="setbuffer" ||
FName == "setlinebuf" || FName == "setvbuf") {
if (Call->getNumArgs() >= 1) {
const Expr *ArgE = Call->getArgExpr(0)->IgnoreParenCasts();
if (const DeclRefExpr *ArgDRE = dyn_cast<DeclRefExpr>(ArgE))
if (const VarDecl *D = dyn_cast<VarDecl>(ArgDRE->getDecl()))
if (D->getCanonicalDecl()->getName().find("std") != StringRef::npos)
return true;
}
}
// A bunch of other functions which either take ownership of a pointer or
// wrap the result up in a struct or object, meaning it can be freed later.
// (See RetainCountChecker.) Not all the parameters here are invalidated,
// but the Malloc checker cannot differentiate between them. The right way
// of doing this would be to implement a pointer escapes callback.
if (FName == "CGBitmapContextCreate" ||
FName == "CGBitmapContextCreateWithData" ||
FName == "CVPixelBufferCreateWithBytes" ||
FName == "CVPixelBufferCreateWithPlanarBytes" ||
FName == "OSAtomicEnqueue") {
return true;
}
// Handle cases where we know a buffer's /address/ can escape.
// Note that the above checks handle some special cases where we know that
// even though the address escapes, it's still our responsibility to free the
// buffer.
if (Call->argumentsMayEscape())
return true;
// Otherwise, assume that the function does not free memory.
// Most system calls do not free the memory.
return false;
}
static bool retTrue(const RefState *RS) {
return true;
}
static bool checkIfNewOrNewArrayFamily(const RefState *RS) {
return (RS->getAllocationFamily() == AF_CXXNewArray ||
RS->getAllocationFamily() == AF_CXXNew);
}
ProgramStateRef MallocChecker::checkPointerEscape(ProgramStateRef State,
const InvalidatedSymbols &Escaped,
const CallEvent *Call,
PointerEscapeKind Kind) const {
return checkPointerEscapeAux(State, Escaped, Call, Kind, &retTrue);
}
ProgramStateRef MallocChecker::checkConstPointerEscape(ProgramStateRef State,
const InvalidatedSymbols &Escaped,
const CallEvent *Call,
PointerEscapeKind Kind) const {
return checkPointerEscapeAux(State, Escaped, Call, Kind,
&checkIfNewOrNewArrayFamily);
}
ProgramStateRef MallocChecker::checkPointerEscapeAux(ProgramStateRef State,
const InvalidatedSymbols &Escaped,
const CallEvent *Call,
PointerEscapeKind Kind,
bool(*CheckRefState)(const RefState*)) const {
// If we know that the call does not free memory, or we want to process the
// call later, keep tracking the top level arguments.
SymbolRef EscapingSymbol = nullptr;
if (Kind == PSK_DirectEscapeOnCall &&
!mayFreeAnyEscapedMemoryOrIsModeledExplicitly(Call, State,
EscapingSymbol) &&
!EscapingSymbol) {
return State;
}
for (InvalidatedSymbols::const_iterator I = Escaped.begin(),
E = Escaped.end();
I != E; ++I) {
SymbolRef sym = *I;
if (EscapingSymbol && EscapingSymbol != sym)
continue;
if (const RefState *RS = State->get<RegionState>(sym)) {
if ((RS->isAllocated() || RS->isAllocatedOfSizeZero()) &&
CheckRefState(RS)) {
State = State->remove<RegionState>(sym);
State = State->set<RegionState>(sym, RefState::getEscaped(RS));
}
}
}
return State;
}
static SymbolRef findFailedReallocSymbol(ProgramStateRef currState,
ProgramStateRef prevState) {
ReallocPairsTy currMap = currState->get<ReallocPairs>();
ReallocPairsTy prevMap = prevState->get<ReallocPairs>();
for (ReallocPairsTy::iterator I = prevMap.begin(), E = prevMap.end();
I != E; ++I) {
SymbolRef sym = I.getKey();
if (!currMap.lookup(sym))
return sym;
}
return nullptr;
}
PathDiagnosticPiece *
MallocChecker::MallocBugVisitor::VisitNode(const ExplodedNode *N,
const ExplodedNode *PrevN,
BugReporterContext &BRC,
BugReport &BR) {
ProgramStateRef state = N->getState();
ProgramStateRef statePrev = PrevN->getState();
const RefState *RS = state->get<RegionState>(Sym);
const RefState *RSPrev = statePrev->get<RegionState>(Sym);
if (!RS)
return nullptr;
const Stmt *S = nullptr;
const char *Msg = nullptr;
StackHintGeneratorForSymbol *StackHint = nullptr;
// Retrieve the associated statement.
ProgramPoint ProgLoc = N->getLocation();
if (Optional<StmtPoint> SP = ProgLoc.getAs<StmtPoint>()) {
S = SP->getStmt();
} else if (Optional<CallExitEnd> Exit = ProgLoc.getAs<CallExitEnd>()) {
S = Exit->getCalleeContext()->getCallSite();
} else if (Optional<BlockEdge> Edge = ProgLoc.getAs<BlockEdge>()) {
// If an assumption was made on a branch, it should be caught
// here by looking at the state transition.
S = Edge->getSrc()->getTerminator();
}
if (!S)
return nullptr;
// FIXME: We will eventually need to handle non-statement-based events
// (__attribute__((cleanup))).
// Find out if this is an interesting point and what is the kind.
if (Mode == Normal) {
if (isAllocated(RS, RSPrev, S)) {
Msg = "Memory is allocated";
StackHint = new StackHintGeneratorForSymbol(Sym,
"Returned allocated memory");
} else if (isReleased(RS, RSPrev, S)) {
Msg = "Memory is released";
StackHint = new StackHintGeneratorForSymbol(Sym,
"Returning; memory was released");
} else if (isRelinquished(RS, RSPrev, S)) {
Msg = "Memory ownership is transferred";
StackHint = new StackHintGeneratorForSymbol(Sym, "");
} else if (isReallocFailedCheck(RS, RSPrev, S)) {
Mode = ReallocationFailed;
Msg = "Reallocation failed";
StackHint = new StackHintGeneratorForReallocationFailed(Sym,
"Reallocation failed");
if (SymbolRef sym = findFailedReallocSymbol(state, statePrev)) {
// Is it possible to fail two reallocs WITHOUT testing in between?
assert((!FailedReallocSymbol || FailedReallocSymbol == sym) &&
"We only support one failed realloc at a time.");
BR.markInteresting(sym);
FailedReallocSymbol = sym;
}
}
// We are in a special mode if a reallocation failed later in the path.
} else if (Mode == ReallocationFailed) {
assert(FailedReallocSymbol && "No symbol to look for.");
// Is this is the first appearance of the reallocated symbol?
if (!statePrev->get<RegionState>(FailedReallocSymbol)) {
// We're at the reallocation point.
Msg = "Attempt to reallocate memory";
StackHint = new StackHintGeneratorForSymbol(Sym,
"Returned reallocated memory");
FailedReallocSymbol = nullptr;
Mode = Normal;
}
}
if (!Msg)
return nullptr;
assert(StackHint);
// Generate the extra diagnostic.
PathDiagnosticLocation Pos(S, BRC.getSourceManager(),
N->getLocationContext());
return new PathDiagnosticEventPiece(Pos, Msg, true, StackHint);
}
void MallocChecker::printState(raw_ostream &Out, ProgramStateRef State,
const char *NL, const char *Sep) const {
RegionStateTy RS = State->get<RegionState>();
if (!RS.isEmpty()) {
Out << Sep << "MallocChecker :" << NL;
for (RegionStateTy::iterator I = RS.begin(), E = RS.end(); I != E; ++I) {
const RefState *RefS = State->get<RegionState>(I.getKey());
AllocationFamily Family = RefS->getAllocationFamily();
Optional<MallocChecker::CheckKind> CheckKind = getCheckIfTracked(Family);
if (!CheckKind.hasValue())
CheckKind = getCheckIfTracked(Family, true);
I.getKey()->dumpToStream(Out);
Out << " : ";
I.getData().dump(Out);
if (CheckKind.hasValue())
Out << " (" << CheckNames[*CheckKind].getName() << ")";
Out << NL;
}
}
}
void ento::registerNewDeleteLeaksChecker(CheckerManager &mgr) {
registerCStringCheckerBasic(mgr);
MallocChecker *checker = mgr.registerChecker<MallocChecker>();
checker->IsOptimistic = mgr.getAnalyzerOptions().getBooleanOption(
"Optimistic", false, checker);
checker->ChecksEnabled[MallocChecker::CK_NewDeleteLeaksChecker] = true;
checker->CheckNames[MallocChecker::CK_NewDeleteLeaksChecker] =
mgr.getCurrentCheckName();
// We currently treat NewDeleteLeaks checker as a subchecker of NewDelete
// checker.
if (!checker->ChecksEnabled[MallocChecker::CK_NewDeleteChecker])
checker->ChecksEnabled[MallocChecker::CK_NewDeleteChecker] = true;
}
#define REGISTER_CHECKER(name) \
void ento::register##name(CheckerManager &mgr) { \
registerCStringCheckerBasic(mgr); \
MallocChecker *checker = mgr.registerChecker<MallocChecker>(); \
checker->IsOptimistic = mgr.getAnalyzerOptions().getBooleanOption( \
"Optimistic", false, checker); \
checker->ChecksEnabled[MallocChecker::CK_##name] = true; \
checker->CheckNames[MallocChecker::CK_##name] = mgr.getCurrentCheckName(); \
}
REGISTER_CHECKER(MallocChecker)
REGISTER_CHECKER(NewDeleteChecker)
REGISTER_CHECKER(MismatchedDeallocatorChecker)