//===-- sanitizer_stoptheworld_linux_libcdep.cc ---------------------------===//
//
// The LLVM Compiler Infrastructure
//
// This file is distributed under the University of Illinois Open Source
// License. See LICENSE.TXT for details.
//
//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
//
// See sanitizer_stoptheworld.h for details.
// This implementation was inspired by Markus Gutschke's linuxthreads.cc.
//
//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
#include "sanitizer_platform.h"
#if SANITIZER_LINUX
#include "sanitizer_stoptheworld.h"
#include <errno.h>
#include <sched.h> // for clone
#include <stddef.h>
#include <sys/prctl.h> // for PR_* definitions
#include <sys/ptrace.h> // for PTRACE_* definitions
#include <sys/types.h> // for pid_t
#if SANITIZER_ANDROID && defined(__arm__)
# include <linux/user.h> // for pt_regs
#else
# include <sys/user.h> // for user_regs_struct
#endif
#include <sys/wait.h> // for signal-related stuff
#include "sanitizer_common.h"
#include "sanitizer_libc.h"
#include "sanitizer_linux.h"
#include "sanitizer_mutex.h"
#include "sanitizer_placement_new.h"
// This module works by spawning a Linux task which then attaches to every
// thread in the caller process with ptrace. This suspends the threads, and
// PTRACE_GETREGS can then be used to obtain their register state. The callback
// supplied to StopTheWorld() is run in the tracer task while the threads are
// suspended.
// The tracer task must be placed in a different thread group for ptrace to
// work, so it cannot be spawned as a pthread. Instead, we use the low-level
// clone() interface (we want to share the address space with the caller
// process, so we prefer clone() over fork()).
//
// We avoid the use of libc for two reasons:
// 1. calling a library function while threads are suspended could cause a
// deadlock, if one of the treads happens to be holding a libc lock;
// 2. it's generally not safe to call libc functions from the tracer task,
// because clone() does not set up a thread-local storage for it. Any
// thread-local variables used by libc will be shared between the tracer task
// and the thread which spawned it.
//
// We deal with this by replacing libc calls with calls to our own
// implementations defined in sanitizer_libc.h and sanitizer_linux.h. However,
// there are still some libc functions which are used here:
//
// * All of the system calls ultimately go through the libc syscall() function.
// We're operating under the assumption that syscall()'s implementation does
// not acquire any locks or use any thread-local data (except for the errno
// variable, which we handle separately).
//
// * We lack custom implementations of sigfillset() and sigaction(), so we use
// the libc versions instead. The same assumptions as above apply.
//
// * It is safe to call libc functions before the cloned thread is spawned or
// after it has exited. The following functions are used in this manner:
// sigdelset()
// sigprocmask()
// clone()
COMPILER_CHECK(sizeof(SuspendedThreadID) == sizeof(pid_t));
namespace __sanitizer {
// This class handles thread suspending/unsuspending in the tracer thread.
class ThreadSuspender {
public:
explicit ThreadSuspender(pid_t pid)
: pid_(pid) {
CHECK_GE(pid, 0);
}
bool SuspendAllThreads();
void ResumeAllThreads();
void KillAllThreads();
SuspendedThreadsList &suspended_threads_list() {
return suspended_threads_list_;
}
private:
SuspendedThreadsList suspended_threads_list_;
pid_t pid_;
bool SuspendThread(SuspendedThreadID thread_id);
};
bool ThreadSuspender::SuspendThread(SuspendedThreadID thread_id) {
// Are we already attached to this thread?
// Currently this check takes linear time, however the number of threads is
// usually small.
if (suspended_threads_list_.Contains(thread_id))
return false;
int pterrno;
if (internal_iserror(internal_ptrace(PTRACE_ATTACH, thread_id, NULL, NULL),
&pterrno)) {
// Either the thread is dead, or something prevented us from attaching.
// Log this event and move on.
Report("Could not attach to thread %d (errno %d).\n", thread_id, pterrno);
return false;
} else {
if (SanitizerVerbosity > 0)
Report("Attached to thread %d.\n", thread_id);
// The thread is not guaranteed to stop before ptrace returns, so we must
// wait on it.
uptr waitpid_status;
HANDLE_EINTR(waitpid_status, internal_waitpid(thread_id, NULL, __WALL));
int wperrno;
if (internal_iserror(waitpid_status, &wperrno)) {
// Got a ECHILD error. I don't think this situation is possible, but it
// doesn't hurt to report it.
Report("Waiting on thread %d failed, detaching (errno %d).\n", thread_id,
wperrno);
internal_ptrace(PTRACE_DETACH, thread_id, NULL, NULL);
return false;
}
suspended_threads_list_.Append(thread_id);
return true;
}
}
void ThreadSuspender::ResumeAllThreads() {
for (uptr i = 0; i < suspended_threads_list_.thread_count(); i++) {
pid_t tid = suspended_threads_list_.GetThreadID(i);
int pterrno;
if (!internal_iserror(internal_ptrace(PTRACE_DETACH, tid, NULL, NULL),
&pterrno)) {
if (SanitizerVerbosity > 0)
Report("Detached from thread %d.\n", tid);
} else {
// Either the thread is dead, or we are already detached.
// The latter case is possible, for instance, if this function was called
// from a signal handler.
Report("Could not detach from thread %d (errno %d).\n", tid, pterrno);
}
}
}
void ThreadSuspender::KillAllThreads() {
for (uptr i = 0; i < suspended_threads_list_.thread_count(); i++)
internal_ptrace(PTRACE_KILL, suspended_threads_list_.GetThreadID(i),
NULL, NULL);
}
bool ThreadSuspender::SuspendAllThreads() {
ThreadLister thread_lister(pid_);
bool added_threads;
do {
// Run through the directory entries once.
added_threads = false;
pid_t tid = thread_lister.GetNextTID();
while (tid >= 0) {
if (SuspendThread(tid))
added_threads = true;
tid = thread_lister.GetNextTID();
}
if (thread_lister.error()) {
// Detach threads and fail.
ResumeAllThreads();
return false;
}
thread_lister.Reset();
} while (added_threads);
return true;
}
// Pointer to the ThreadSuspender instance for use in signal handler.
static ThreadSuspender *thread_suspender_instance = NULL;
// Signals that should not be blocked (this is used in the parent thread as well
// as the tracer thread).
static const int kUnblockedSignals[] = { SIGABRT, SIGILL, SIGFPE, SIGSEGV,
SIGBUS, SIGXCPU, SIGXFSZ };
// Structure for passing arguments into the tracer thread.
struct TracerThreadArgument {
StopTheWorldCallback callback;
void *callback_argument;
// The tracer thread waits on this mutex while the parent finished its
// preparations.
BlockingMutex mutex;
};
// Signal handler to wake up suspended threads when the tracer thread dies.
void TracerThreadSignalHandler(int signum, siginfo_t *siginfo, void *) {
if (thread_suspender_instance != NULL) {
if (signum == SIGABRT)
thread_suspender_instance->KillAllThreads();
else
thread_suspender_instance->ResumeAllThreads();
}
internal__exit((signum == SIGABRT) ? 1 : 2);
}
// Size of alternative stack for signal handlers in the tracer thread.
static const int kHandlerStackSize = 4096;
// This function will be run as a cloned task.
static int TracerThread(void* argument) {
TracerThreadArgument *tracer_thread_argument =
(TracerThreadArgument *)argument;
// Wait for the parent thread to finish preparations.
tracer_thread_argument->mutex.Lock();
tracer_thread_argument->mutex.Unlock();
ThreadSuspender thread_suspender(internal_getppid());
// Global pointer for the signal handler.
thread_suspender_instance = &thread_suspender;
// Alternate stack for signal handling.
InternalScopedBuffer<char> handler_stack_memory(kHandlerStackSize);
struct sigaltstack handler_stack;
internal_memset(&handler_stack, 0, sizeof(handler_stack));
handler_stack.ss_sp = handler_stack_memory.data();
handler_stack.ss_size = kHandlerStackSize;
internal_sigaltstack(&handler_stack, NULL);
// Install our handler for fatal signals. Other signals should be blocked by
// the mask we inherited from the caller thread.
for (uptr signal_index = 0; signal_index < ARRAY_SIZE(kUnblockedSignals);
signal_index++) {
struct sigaction new_sigaction;
internal_memset(&new_sigaction, 0, sizeof(new_sigaction));
new_sigaction.sa_sigaction = TracerThreadSignalHandler;
new_sigaction.sa_flags = SA_ONSTACK | SA_SIGINFO;
sigfillset(&new_sigaction.sa_mask);
sigaction(kUnblockedSignals[signal_index], &new_sigaction, NULL);
}
int exit_code = 0;
if (!thread_suspender.SuspendAllThreads()) {
Report("Failed suspending threads.\n");
exit_code = 3;
} else {
tracer_thread_argument->callback(thread_suspender.suspended_threads_list(),
tracer_thread_argument->callback_argument);
thread_suspender.ResumeAllThreads();
exit_code = 0;
}
thread_suspender_instance = NULL;
handler_stack.ss_flags = SS_DISABLE;
internal_sigaltstack(&handler_stack, NULL);
return exit_code;
}
class ScopedStackSpaceWithGuard {
public:
explicit ScopedStackSpaceWithGuard(uptr stack_size) {
stack_size_ = stack_size;
guard_size_ = GetPageSizeCached();
// FIXME: Omitting MAP_STACK here works in current kernels but might break
// in the future.
guard_start_ = (uptr)MmapOrDie(stack_size_ + guard_size_,
"ScopedStackWithGuard");
CHECK_EQ(guard_start_, (uptr)Mprotect((uptr)guard_start_, guard_size_));
}
~ScopedStackSpaceWithGuard() {
UnmapOrDie((void *)guard_start_, stack_size_ + guard_size_);
}
void *Bottom() const {
return (void *)(guard_start_ + stack_size_ + guard_size_);
}
private:
uptr stack_size_;
uptr guard_size_;
uptr guard_start_;
};
NOINLINE static void WipeStack() {
char arr[256];
internal_memset(arr, 0, sizeof(arr));
}
static sigset_t blocked_sigset;
static sigset_t old_sigset;
static struct sigaction old_sigactions[ARRAY_SIZE(kUnblockedSignals)];
void StopTheWorld(StopTheWorldCallback callback, void *argument) {
// Glibc's sigaction() has a side-effect where it copies garbage stack values
// into oldact, which can cause false negatives in LSan. As a quick workaround
// we zero some stack space here.
WipeStack();
// Block all signals that can be blocked safely, and install default handlers
// for the remaining signals.
// We cannot allow user-defined handlers to run while the ThreadSuspender
// thread is active, because they could conceivably call some libc functions
// which modify errno (which is shared between the two threads).
sigfillset(&blocked_sigset);
for (uptr signal_index = 0; signal_index < ARRAY_SIZE(kUnblockedSignals);
signal_index++) {
// Remove the signal from the set of blocked signals.
sigdelset(&blocked_sigset, kUnblockedSignals[signal_index]);
// Install the default handler.
struct sigaction new_sigaction;
internal_memset(&new_sigaction, 0, sizeof(new_sigaction));
new_sigaction.sa_handler = SIG_DFL;
sigfillset(&new_sigaction.sa_mask);
sigaction(kUnblockedSignals[signal_index], &new_sigaction,
&old_sigactions[signal_index]);
}
int sigprocmask_status = sigprocmask(SIG_BLOCK, &blocked_sigset, &old_sigset);
CHECK_EQ(sigprocmask_status, 0); // sigprocmask should never fail
// Make this process dumpable. Processes that are not dumpable cannot be
// attached to.
int process_was_dumpable = internal_prctl(PR_GET_DUMPABLE, 0, 0, 0, 0);
if (!process_was_dumpable)
internal_prctl(PR_SET_DUMPABLE, 1, 0, 0, 0);
// Prepare the arguments for TracerThread.
struct TracerThreadArgument tracer_thread_argument;
tracer_thread_argument.callback = callback;
tracer_thread_argument.callback_argument = argument;
const uptr kTracerStackSize = 2 * 1024 * 1024;
ScopedStackSpaceWithGuard tracer_stack(kTracerStackSize);
// Block the execution of TracerThread until after we have set ptrace
// permissions.
tracer_thread_argument.mutex.Lock();
pid_t tracer_pid = clone(TracerThread, tracer_stack.Bottom(),
CLONE_VM | CLONE_FS | CLONE_FILES | CLONE_UNTRACED,
&tracer_thread_argument);
if (tracer_pid < 0) {
Report("Failed spawning a tracer thread (errno %d).\n", errno);
tracer_thread_argument.mutex.Unlock();
} else {
// On some systems we have to explicitly declare that we want to be traced
// by the tracer thread.
#ifdef PR_SET_PTRACER
internal_prctl(PR_SET_PTRACER, tracer_pid, 0, 0, 0);
#endif
// Allow the tracer thread to start.
tracer_thread_argument.mutex.Unlock();
// Since errno is shared between this thread and the tracer thread, we
// must avoid using errno while the tracer thread is running.
// At this point, any signal will either be blocked or kill us, so waitpid
// should never return (and set errno) while the tracer thread is alive.
uptr waitpid_status = internal_waitpid(tracer_pid, NULL, __WALL);
int wperrno;
if (internal_iserror(waitpid_status, &wperrno))
Report("Waiting on the tracer thread failed (errno %d).\n", wperrno);
}
// Restore the dumpable flag.
if (!process_was_dumpable)
internal_prctl(PR_SET_DUMPABLE, 0, 0, 0, 0);
// Restore the signal handlers.
for (uptr signal_index = 0; signal_index < ARRAY_SIZE(kUnblockedSignals);
signal_index++) {
sigaction(kUnblockedSignals[signal_index],
&old_sigactions[signal_index], NULL);
}
sigprocmask(SIG_SETMASK, &old_sigset, &old_sigset);
}
// Platform-specific methods from SuspendedThreadsList.
#if SANITIZER_ANDROID && defined(__arm__)
typedef pt_regs regs_struct;
#define REG_SP ARM_sp
#elif SANITIZER_LINUX && defined(__arm__)
typedef user_regs regs_struct;
#define REG_SP uregs[13]
#elif defined(__i386__) || defined(__x86_64__)
typedef user_regs_struct regs_struct;
#if defined(__i386__)
#define REG_SP esp
#else
#define REG_SP rsp
#endif
#elif defined(__powerpc__) || defined(__powerpc64__)
typedef pt_regs regs_struct;
#define REG_SP gpr[PT_R1]
#elif defined(__mips__)
typedef struct user regs_struct;
#define REG_SP regs[EF_REG29]
#else
#error "Unsupported architecture"
#endif // SANITIZER_ANDROID && defined(__arm__)
int SuspendedThreadsList::GetRegistersAndSP(uptr index,
uptr *buffer,
uptr *sp) const {
pid_t tid = GetThreadID(index);
regs_struct regs;
int pterrno;
if (internal_iserror(internal_ptrace(PTRACE_GETREGS, tid, NULL, ®s),
&pterrno)) {
Report("Could not get registers from thread %d (errno %d).\n",
tid, pterrno);
return -1;
}
*sp = regs.REG_SP;
internal_memcpy(buffer, ®s, sizeof(regs));
return 0;
}
uptr SuspendedThreadsList::RegisterCount() {
return sizeof(regs_struct) / sizeof(uptr);
}
} // namespace __sanitizer
#endif // SANITIZER_LINUX