/*--------------------------------------------------------------------*/
/*--- Doing syscalls. m_syscall.c ---*/
/*--------------------------------------------------------------------*/
/*
This file is part of Valgrind, a dynamic binary instrumentation
framework.
Copyright (C) 2000-2011 Julian Seward
jseward@acm.org
This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as
published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the
License, or (at your option) any later version.
This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
General Public License for more details.
You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA
02111-1307, USA.
The GNU General Public License is contained in the file COPYING.
*/
#include "pub_core_basics.h"
#include "pub_core_libcassert.h"
#include "pub_core_vki.h"
#include "pub_core_vkiscnums.h"
#include "pub_core_syscall.h"
/* ---------------------------------------------------------------------
Building syscall return values.
------------------------------------------------------------------ */
#if defined(VGO_linux)
/* Make a SysRes value from a syscall return value. This is
Linux-specific.
From:
http://sources.redhat.com/cgi-bin/cvsweb.cgi/libc/sysdeps/unix/sysv/
linux/i386/sysdep.h?
rev=1.28&content-type=text/x-cvsweb-markup&cvsroot=glibc
Linux uses a negative return value to indicate syscall errors,
unlike most Unices, which use the condition codes' carry flag.
Since version 2.1 the return value of a system call might be
negative even if the call succeeded. E.g., the 'lseek' system call
might return a large offset. Therefore we must not anymore test
for < 0, but test for a real error by making sure the value in %eax
is a real error number. Linus said he will make sure the no
syscall returns a value in -1 .. -4095 as a valid result so we can
safely test with -4095.
*/
SysRes VG_(mk_SysRes_x86_linux) ( Int val ) {
SysRes res;
res._isError = val >= -4095 && val <= -1;
if (res._isError) {
res._val = (UInt)(-val);
} else {
res._val = (UInt)val;
}
return res;
}
/* Similarly .. */
SysRes VG_(mk_SysRes_amd64_linux) ( Long val ) {
SysRes res;
res._isError = val >= -4095 && val <= -1;
if (res._isError) {
res._val = (ULong)(-val);
} else {
res._val = (ULong)val;
}
return res;
}
/* PPC uses the CR7.SO bit to flag an error (CR0 in IBM-speak) */
/* Note this must be in the bottom bit of the second arg */
SysRes VG_(mk_SysRes_ppc32_linux) ( UInt val, UInt cr0so ) {
SysRes res;
res._isError = (cr0so & 1) != 0;
res._val = val;
return res;
}
/* As per ppc32 version, cr0.so must be in l.s.b. of 2nd arg */
SysRes VG_(mk_SysRes_ppc64_linux) ( ULong val, ULong cr0so ) {
SysRes res;
res._isError = (cr0so & 1) != 0;
res._val = val;
return res;
}
SysRes VG_(mk_SysRes_s390x_linux) ( Long val ) {
SysRes res;
res._isError = val >= -4095 && val <= -1;
if (res._isError) {
res._val = -val;
} else {
res._val = val;
}
return res;
}
SysRes VG_(mk_SysRes_arm_linux) ( Int val ) {
SysRes res;
res._isError = val >= -4095 && val <= -1;
if (res._isError) {
res._val = (UInt)(-val);
} else {
res._val = (UInt)val;
}
return res;
}
/* Generic constructors. */
SysRes VG_(mk_SysRes_Error) ( UWord err ) {
SysRes r;
r._isError = True;
r._val = err;
return r;
}
SysRes VG_(mk_SysRes_Success) ( UWord res ) {
SysRes r;
r._isError = False;
r._val = res;
return r;
}
#elif defined(VGO_darwin)
/* Darwin: Some syscalls return a double-word result. */
SysRes VG_(mk_SysRes_x86_darwin) ( UChar scclass, Bool isErr,
UInt wHI, UInt wLO )
{
SysRes res;
res._wHI = 0;
res._wLO = 0;
res._mode = 0; /* invalid */
vg_assert(isErr == False || isErr == True);
vg_assert(sizeof(UWord) == sizeof(UInt));
switch (scclass) {
case VG_DARWIN_SYSCALL_CLASS_UNIX:
res._wLO = wLO;
res._wHI = wHI;
res._mode = isErr ? SysRes_UNIX_ERR : SysRes_UNIX_OK;
break;
case VG_DARWIN_SYSCALL_CLASS_MACH:
vg_assert(!isErr);
vg_assert(wHI == 0);
res._wLO = wLO;
res._mode = SysRes_MACH;
break;
case VG_DARWIN_SYSCALL_CLASS_MDEP:
vg_assert(!isErr);
vg_assert(wHI == 0);
res._wLO = wLO;
res._mode = SysRes_MDEP;
break;
default:
vg_assert(0);
}
return res;
}
SysRes VG_(mk_SysRes_amd64_darwin) ( UChar scclass, Bool isErr,
ULong wHI, ULong wLO )
{
SysRes res;
res._wHI = 0;
res._wLO = 0;
res._mode = 0; /* invalid */
vg_assert(isErr == False || isErr == True);
vg_assert(sizeof(UWord) == sizeof(ULong));
switch (scclass) {
case VG_DARWIN_SYSCALL_CLASS_UNIX:
res._wLO = wLO;
res._wHI = wHI;
res._mode = isErr ? SysRes_UNIX_ERR : SysRes_UNIX_OK;
break;
case VG_DARWIN_SYSCALL_CLASS_MACH:
vg_assert(!isErr);
vg_assert(wHI == 0);
res._wLO = wLO;
res._mode = SysRes_MACH;
break;
case VG_DARWIN_SYSCALL_CLASS_MDEP:
vg_assert(!isErr);
vg_assert(wHI == 0);
res._wLO = wLO;
res._mode = SysRes_MDEP;
break;
default:
vg_assert(0);
}
return res;
}
/* Generic constructors. We assume (without checking if this makes
any sense, from the caller's point of view) that these are for the
UNIX style of syscall. */
SysRes VG_(mk_SysRes_Error) ( UWord err ) {
SysRes r;
r._wHI = 0;
r._wLO = err;
r._mode = SysRes_UNIX_ERR;
return r;
}
SysRes VG_(mk_SysRes_Success) ( UWord res ) {
SysRes r;
r._wHI = 0;
r._wLO = res;
r._mode = SysRes_UNIX_OK;
return r;
}
#else
# error "Unknown OS"
#endif
/* ---------------------------------------------------------------------
VG_(do_syscall): A function for doing syscalls.
------------------------------------------------------------------ */
#if defined(VGP_x86_linux)
/* Incoming args (syscall number + up to 6 args) come on the stack.
(ie. the C calling convention).
The syscall number goes in %eax. The args are passed to the syscall in
the regs %ebx, %ecx, %edx, %esi, %edi, %ebp, ie. the kernel's syscall
calling convention.
%eax gets the return value. Not sure which registers the kernel
clobbers, so we preserve all the callee-save regs (%esi, %edi, %ebx,
%ebp).
*/
extern UWord do_syscall_WRK (
UWord syscall_no,
UWord a1, UWord a2, UWord a3,
UWord a4, UWord a5, UWord a6
);
asm(
".text\n"
"do_syscall_WRK:\n"
" push %esi\n"
" push %edi\n"
" push %ebx\n"
" push %ebp\n"
" movl 16+ 4(%esp),%eax\n"
" movl 16+ 8(%esp),%ebx\n"
" movl 16+12(%esp),%ecx\n"
" movl 16+16(%esp),%edx\n"
" movl 16+20(%esp),%esi\n"
" movl 16+24(%esp),%edi\n"
" movl 16+28(%esp),%ebp\n"
" int $0x80\n"
" popl %ebp\n"
" popl %ebx\n"
" popl %edi\n"
" popl %esi\n"
" ret\n"
".previous\n"
);
#elif defined(VGP_amd64_linux)
/* Incoming args (syscall number + up to 6 args) come in %rdi, %rsi,
%rdx, %rcx, %r8, %r9, and the last one on the stack (ie. the C
calling convention).
The syscall number goes in %rax. The args are passed to the syscall in
the regs %rdi, %rsi, %rdx, %r10, %r8, %r9 (yes, really %r10, not %rcx),
ie. the kernel's syscall calling convention.
%rax gets the return value. %rcx and %r11 are clobbered by the syscall;
no matter, they are caller-save (the syscall clobbers no callee-save
regs, so we don't have to do any register saving/restoring).
*/
extern UWord do_syscall_WRK (
UWord syscall_no,
UWord a1, UWord a2, UWord a3,
UWord a4, UWord a5, UWord a6
);
asm(
".text\n"
"do_syscall_WRK:\n"
/* Convert function calling convention --> syscall calling
convention */
" movq %rdi, %rax\n"
" movq %rsi, %rdi\n"
" movq %rdx, %rsi\n"
" movq %rcx, %rdx\n"
" movq %r8, %r10\n"
" movq %r9, %r8\n"
" movq 8(%rsp), %r9\n" /* last arg from stack */
" syscall\n"
" ret\n"
".previous\n"
);
#elif defined(VGP_ppc32_linux)
/* Incoming args (syscall number + up to 6 args) come in %r3:%r9.
The syscall number goes in %r0. The args are passed to the syscall in
the regs %r3:%r8, i.e. the kernel's syscall calling convention.
The %cr0.so bit flags an error.
We return the syscall return value in %r3, and the %cr0.so in
the lowest bit of %r4.
We return a ULong, of which %r3 is the high word, and %r4 the low.
No callee-save regs are clobbered, so no saving/restoring is needed.
*/
extern ULong do_syscall_WRK (
UWord syscall_no,
UWord a1, UWord a2, UWord a3,
UWord a4, UWord a5, UWord a6
);
asm(
".text\n"
"do_syscall_WRK:\n"
" mr 0,3\n"
" mr 3,4\n"
" mr 4,5\n"
" mr 5,6\n"
" mr 6,7\n"
" mr 7,8\n"
" mr 8,9\n"
" sc\n" /* syscall: sets %cr0.so on error */
" mfcr 4\n" /* %cr -> low word of return var */
" rlwinm 4,4,4,31,31\n" /* rotate flag bit so to lsb, and mask it */
" blr\n" /* and return */
".previous\n"
);
#elif defined(VGP_ppc64_linux)
/* Due to the need to return 65 bits of result, this is completely
different from the ppc32 case. The single arg register points to a
7-word block containing the syscall # and the 6 args. The syscall
result proper is put in [0] of the block, and %cr0.so is in the
bottom bit of [1]. */
extern void do_syscall_WRK ( ULong* argblock );
asm(
".align 2\n"
".globl do_syscall_WRK\n"
".section \".opd\",\"aw\"\n"
".align 3\n"
"do_syscall_WRK:\n"
".quad .do_syscall_WRK,.TOC.@tocbase,0\n"
".previous\n"
".type .do_syscall_WRK,@function\n"
".globl .do_syscall_WRK\n"
".do_syscall_WRK:\n"
" std 3,-16(1)\n" /* stash arg */
" ld 8, 48(3)\n" /* sc arg 6 */
" ld 7, 40(3)\n" /* sc arg 5 */
" ld 6, 32(3)\n" /* sc arg 4 */
" ld 5, 24(3)\n" /* sc arg 3 */
" ld 4, 16(3)\n" /* sc arg 2 */
" ld 0, 0(3)\n" /* sc number */
" ld 3, 8(3)\n" /* sc arg 1 */
" sc\n" /* result in r3 and cr0.so */
" ld 5,-16(1)\n" /* reacquire argblock ptr (r5 is caller-save) */
" std 3,0(5)\n" /* argblock[0] = r3 */
" mfcr 3\n"
" srwi 3,3,28\n"
" andi. 3,3,1\n"
" std 3,8(5)\n" /* argblock[1] = cr0.s0 & 1 */
" blr\n"
);
#elif defined(VGP_arm_linux)
/* I think the conventions are:
args in r0 r1 r2 r3 r4 r5
sysno in r7
return value in r0, w/ same conventions as x86-linux, viz r0 in
-4096 .. -1 is an error value. All other values are success
values.
*/
extern UWord do_syscall_WRK (
UWord a1, UWord a2, UWord a3,
UWord a4, UWord a5, UWord a6,
UWord syscall_no
);
asm(
".text\n"
"do_syscall_WRK:\n"
" push {r4, r5, r7}\n"
" ldr r4, [sp, #12]\n"
" ldr r5, [sp, #16]\n"
" ldr r7, [sp, #20]\n"
" svc 0x0\n"
" pop {r4, r5, r7}\n"
" bx lr\n"
".previous\n"
);
#elif defined(VGP_x86_darwin)
/* Incoming args (syscall number + up to 8 args) come in on the stack
The kernel's syscall calling convention is:
* the syscall number goes in eax
* the args are passed to the syscall on the stack,
pushed onto the stack R->L (that is, the usual x86
calling conventions, with the leftmost arg at the lowest
address)
Call instruction:
* UNIX: sysenter
* UNIX: int $0x80
* MACH: int $0x81
* MDEP: int $0x82
Note that the call type can be determined from the syscall number;
there is no need to inspect the actual instruction. Although obviously
the instruction must match.
Return value:
* MACH,MDEP: the return value comes back in eax
* UNIX: the return value comes back in edx:eax (hi32:lo32)
Error:
* MACH,MDEP: no error is returned
* UNIX: the carry flag indicates success or failure
nb here, sizeof(UWord) == sizeof(UInt)
*/
__private_extern__ ULong
do_syscall_unix_WRK ( UWord a1, UWord a2, UWord a3, /* 4(esp)..12(esp) */
UWord a4, UWord a5, UWord a6, /* 16(esp)..24(esp) */
UWord a7, UWord a8, /* 28(esp)..32(esp) */
UWord syscall_no, /* 36(esp) */
/*OUT*/UInt* errflag /* 40(esp) */ );
// Unix syscall: 64-bit return in edx:eax, with LSB in eax
// error indicated by carry flag: clear=good, set=bad
asm(".private_extern _do_syscall_unix_WRK\n"
"_do_syscall_unix_WRK:\n"
" movl 40(%esp), %ecx \n" /* assume syscall success */
" movl $0, (%ecx) \n"
" movl 36(%esp), %eax \n"
" int $0x80 \n"
" jnc 1f \n" /* jump if success */
" movl 40(%esp), %ecx \n" /* syscall failed - set *errflag */
" movl $1, (%ecx) \n"
" 1: ret \n"
);
__private_extern__ UInt
do_syscall_mach_WRK ( UWord a1, UWord a2, UWord a3, /* 4(esp)..12(esp) */
UWord a4, UWord a5, UWord a6, /* 16(esp)..24(esp) */
UWord a7, UWord a8, /* 28(esp)..32(esp) */
UWord syscall_no /* 36(esp) */ );
// Mach trap: 32-bit result in %eax, no error flag
asm(".private_extern _do_syscall_mach_WRK\n"
"_do_syscall_mach_WRK:\n"
" movl 36(%esp), %eax \n"
" int $0x81 \n"
" ret \n"
);
__private_extern__ UInt
do_syscall_mdep_WRK ( UWord a1, UWord a2, UWord a3, /* 4(esp)..12(esp) */
UWord a4, UWord a5, UWord a6, /* 16(esp)..24(esp) */
UWord a7, UWord a8, /* 28(esp)..32(esp) */
UWord syscall_no /* 36(esp) */ );
// mdep trap: 32-bit result in %eax, no error flag
asm(
".private_extern _do_syscall_mdep_WRK\n"
"_do_syscall_mdep_WRK:\n"
" movl 36(%esp), %eax \n"
" int $0x82 \n"
" ret \n"
);
#elif defined(VGP_amd64_darwin)
/* Incoming args (syscall number + up to 8 args) come in registers and stack
The kernel's syscall calling convention is:
* the syscall number goes in rax
* the args are passed to the syscall in registers and the stack
* the call instruction is 'syscall'
Return value:
* MACH,MDEP: the return value comes back in rax
* UNIX: the return value comes back in rdx:rax (hi64:lo64)
Error:
* MACH,MDEP: no error is returned
* UNIX: the carry flag indicates success or failure
nb here, sizeof(UWord) == sizeof(ULong)
*/
__private_extern__ UWord
do_syscall_unix_WRK ( UWord a1, UWord a2, UWord a3, /* rdi, rsi, rdx */
UWord a4, UWord a5, UWord a6, /* rcx, r8, r9 */
UWord a7, UWord a8, /* 8(rsp), 16(rsp) */
UWord syscall_no, /* 24(rsp) */
/*OUT*/ULong* errflag, /* 32(rsp) */
/*OUT*/ULong* res2 ); /* 40(rsp) */
// Unix syscall: 128-bit return in rax:rdx, with LSB in rax
// error indicated by carry flag: clear=good, set=bad
asm(".private_extern _do_syscall_unix_WRK\n"
"_do_syscall_unix_WRK:\n"
" movq %rcx, %r10 \n" /* pass rcx in r10 instead */
" movq 32(%rsp), %rax \n" /* assume syscall success */
" movq $0, (%rax) \n"
" movq 24(%rsp), %rax \n" /* load syscall_no */
" syscall \n"
" jnc 1f \n" /* jump if success */
" movq 32(%rsp), %rcx \n" /* syscall failed - set *errflag */
" movq $1, (%rcx) \n"
" 1: movq 40(%rsp), %rcx \n" /* save 2nd result word */
" movq %rdx, (%rcx) \n"
" retq \n" /* return 1st result word */
);
__private_extern__ UWord
do_syscall_mach_WRK ( UWord a1, UWord a2, UWord a3, /* rdi, rsi, rdx */
UWord a4, UWord a5, UWord a6, /* rcx, r8, r9 */
UWord a7, UWord a8, /* 8(rsp), 16(rsp) */
UWord syscall_no ); /* 24(rsp) */
// Mach trap: 64-bit result, no error flag
asm(".private_extern _do_syscall_mach_WRK\n"
"_do_syscall_mach_WRK:\n"
" movq %rcx, %r10 \n" /* pass rcx in r10 instead */
" movq 24(%rsp), %rax \n" /* load syscall_no */
" syscall \n"
" retq \n"
);
#elif defined(VGP_s390x_linux)
static UWord do_syscall_WRK (
UWord syscall_no,
UWord arg1, UWord arg2, UWord arg3,
UWord arg4, UWord arg5, UWord arg6
)
{
register UWord __arg1 asm("2") = arg1;
register UWord __arg2 asm("3") = arg2;
register UWord __arg3 asm("4") = arg3;
register UWord __arg4 asm("5") = arg4;
register UWord __arg5 asm("6") = arg5;
register UWord __arg6 asm("7") = arg6;
register ULong __svcres asm("2");
__asm__ __volatile__ (
"lgr %%r1,%1\n\t"
"svc 0\n\t"
: "=d" (__svcres)
: "a" (syscall_no),
"0" (__arg1),
"d" (__arg2),
"d" (__arg3),
"d" (__arg4),
"d" (__arg5),
"d" (__arg6)
: "1", "cc", "memory");
return (UWord) (__svcres);
}
#else
# error Unknown platform
#endif
/* Finally, the generic code. This sends the call to the right
helper. */
SysRes VG_(do_syscall) ( UWord sysno, UWord a1, UWord a2, UWord a3,
UWord a4, UWord a5, UWord a6,
UWord a7, UWord a8 )
{
# if defined(VGP_x86_linux)
UWord val = do_syscall_WRK(sysno,a1,a2,a3,a4,a5,a6);
return VG_(mk_SysRes_x86_linux)( val );
# elif defined(VGP_amd64_linux)
UWord val = do_syscall_WRK(sysno,a1,a2,a3,a4,a5,a6);
return VG_(mk_SysRes_amd64_linux)( val );
# elif defined(VGP_ppc32_linux)
ULong ret = do_syscall_WRK(sysno,a1,a2,a3,a4,a5,a6);
UInt val = (UInt)(ret>>32);
UInt cr0so = (UInt)(ret);
return VG_(mk_SysRes_ppc32_linux)( val, cr0so );
# elif defined(VGP_ppc64_linux)
ULong argblock[7];
argblock[0] = sysno;
argblock[1] = a1;
argblock[2] = a2;
argblock[3] = a3;
argblock[4] = a4;
argblock[5] = a5;
argblock[6] = a6;
do_syscall_WRK( &argblock[0] );
return VG_(mk_SysRes_ppc64_linux)( argblock[0], argblock[1] );
# elif defined(VGP_arm_linux)
UWord val = do_syscall_WRK(a1,a2,a3,a4,a5,a6,sysno);
return VG_(mk_SysRes_arm_linux)( val );
# elif defined(VGP_x86_darwin)
UInt wLO = 0, wHI = 0, err = 0;
ULong u64;
UChar scclass = VG_DARWIN_SYSNO_CLASS(sysno);
switch (scclass) {
case VG_DARWIN_SYSCALL_CLASS_UNIX:
u64 = do_syscall_unix_WRK(a1,a2,a3,a4,a5,a6,a7,a8,
VG_DARWIN_SYSNO_FOR_KERNEL(sysno), &err);
wLO = (UInt)u64;
wHI = (UInt)(u64 >> 32);
break;
case VG_DARWIN_SYSCALL_CLASS_MACH:
wLO = do_syscall_mach_WRK(a1,a2,a3,a4,a5,a6,a7,a8,
VG_DARWIN_SYSNO_FOR_KERNEL(sysno));
err = 0;
break;
case VG_DARWIN_SYSCALL_CLASS_MDEP:
wLO = do_syscall_mdep_WRK(a1,a2,a3,a4,a5,a6,a7,a8,
VG_DARWIN_SYSNO_FOR_KERNEL(sysno));
err = 0;
break;
default:
vg_assert(0);
break;
}
return VG_(mk_SysRes_x86_darwin)( scclass, err ? True : False, wHI, wLO );
# elif defined(VGP_amd64_darwin)
ULong wLO = 0, wHI = 0, err = 0;
UChar scclass = VG_DARWIN_SYSNO_CLASS(sysno);
switch (scclass) {
case VG_DARWIN_SYSCALL_CLASS_UNIX:
wLO = do_syscall_unix_WRK(a1,a2,a3,a4,a5,a6,a7,a8,
VG_DARWIN_SYSNO_FOR_KERNEL(sysno), &err, &wHI);
break;
case VG_DARWIN_SYSCALL_CLASS_MACH:
case VG_DARWIN_SYSCALL_CLASS_MDEP:
wLO = do_syscall_mach_WRK(a1,a2,a3,a4,a5,a6,a7,a8,
VG_DARWIN_SYSNO_FOR_KERNEL(sysno));
err = 0;
break;
default:
vg_assert(0);
break;
}
return VG_(mk_SysRes_amd64_darwin)( scclass, err ? True : False, wHI, wLO );
#elif defined(VGP_s390x_linux)
UWord val;
if (sysno == __NR_mmap) {
ULong argbuf[6];
argbuf[0] = a1;
argbuf[1] = a2;
argbuf[2] = a3;
argbuf[3] = a4;
argbuf[4] = a5;
argbuf[5] = a6;
val = do_syscall_WRK(sysno,(UWord)&argbuf[0],0,0,0,0,0);
} else {
val = do_syscall_WRK(sysno,a1,a2,a3,a4,a5,a6);
}
return VG_(mk_SysRes_s390x_linux)( val );
#else
# error Unknown platform
#endif
}
/* ---------------------------------------------------------------------
Names of errors.
------------------------------------------------------------------ */
/* Return a string which gives the name of an error value. Note,
unlike the standard C syserror fn, the returned string is not
malloc-allocated or writable -- treat it as a constant.
TODO: implement this properly. */
const HChar* VG_(strerror) ( UWord errnum )
{
switch (errnum) {
case VKI_EPERM: return "Operation not permitted";
case VKI_ENOENT: return "No such file or directory";
case VKI_ESRCH: return "No such process";
case VKI_EINTR: return "Interrupted system call";
case VKI_EBADF: return "Bad file number";
case VKI_EAGAIN: return "Try again";
case VKI_ENOMEM: return "Out of memory";
case VKI_EACCES: return "Permission denied";
case VKI_EFAULT: return "Bad address";
case VKI_EEXIST: return "File exists";
case VKI_EINVAL: return "Invalid argument";
case VKI_EMFILE: return "Too many open files";
case VKI_ENOSYS: return "Function not implemented";
case VKI_EOVERFLOW: return "Value too large for defined data type";
# if defined(VKI_ERESTARTSYS)
case VKI_ERESTARTSYS: return "ERESTARTSYS";
# endif
default: return "VG_(strerror): unknown error";
}
}
/*--------------------------------------------------------------------*/
/*--- end ---*/
/*--------------------------------------------------------------------*/