/*
* Copyright (C) 2008 The Android Open Source Project
*
* Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
* you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
* You may obtain a copy of the License at
*
* http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
*
* Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
* distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
* WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
* See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
* limitations under the License.
*/
/*
* Native method resolution.
*
* Currently the "Dalvik native" methods are only used for internal methods.
* Someday we may want to export the interface as a faster but riskier
* alternative to JNI.
*/
#include "Dalvik.h"
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <dlfcn.h>
static void freeSharedLibEntry(void* ptr);
static void* lookupSharedLibMethod(const Method* method);
/*
* Initialize the native code loader.
*/
bool dvmNativeStartup(void)
{
gDvm.nativeLibs = dvmHashTableCreate(4, freeSharedLibEntry);
if (gDvm.nativeLibs == NULL)
return false;
return true;
}
/*
* Free up our tables.
*/
void dvmNativeShutdown(void)
{
dvmHashTableFree(gDvm.nativeLibs);
gDvm.nativeLibs = NULL;
}
/*
* Resolve a native method and invoke it.
*
* This is executed as if it were a native bridge or function. If the
* resolution succeeds, method->insns is replaced, and we don't go through
* here again.
*
* Initializes method's class if necessary.
*
* An exception is thrown on resolution failure.
*
* (This should not be taking "const Method*", because it modifies the
* structure, but the declaration needs to match the DalvikBridgeFunc
* type definition.)
*/
void dvmResolveNativeMethod(const u4* args, JValue* pResult,
const Method* method, Thread* self)
{
ClassObject* clazz = method->clazz;
void* func;
/*
* If this is a static method, it could be called before the class
* has been initialized.
*/
if (dvmIsStaticMethod(method)) {
if (!dvmIsClassInitialized(clazz) && !dvmInitClass(clazz)) {
assert(dvmCheckException(dvmThreadSelf()));
return;
}
} else {
assert(dvmIsClassInitialized(clazz) ||
dvmIsClassInitializing(clazz));
}
/* start with our internal-native methods */
func = dvmLookupInternalNativeMethod(method);
if (func != NULL) {
/* resolution always gets the same answer, so no race here */
IF_LOGVV() {
char* desc = dexProtoCopyMethodDescriptor(&method->prototype);
LOGVV("+++ resolved native %s.%s %s, invoking\n",
clazz->descriptor, method->name, desc);
free(desc);
}
if (dvmIsSynchronizedMethod(method)) {
LOGE("ERROR: internal-native can't be declared 'synchronized'\n");
LOGE("Failing on %s.%s\n", method->clazz->descriptor, method->name);
dvmAbort(); // harsh, but this is VM-internal problem
}
DalvikBridgeFunc dfunc = (DalvikBridgeFunc) func;
dvmSetNativeFunc(method, dfunc, NULL);
assert(method->insns == NULL);
dfunc(args, pResult, method, self);
return;
}
/* now scan any DLLs we have loaded for JNI signatures */
func = lookupSharedLibMethod(method);
if (func != NULL) {
/* found it, point it at the JNI bridge and then call it */
dvmUseJNIBridge((Method*) method, func);
(*method->nativeFunc)(args, pResult, method, self);
return;
}
IF_LOGW() {
char* desc = dexProtoCopyMethodDescriptor(&method->prototype);
LOGW("No implementation found for native %s.%s %s\n",
clazz->descriptor, method->name, desc);
free(desc);
}
dvmThrowException("Ljava/lang/UnsatisfiedLinkError;", method->name);
}
/*
* ===========================================================================
* Native shared library support
* ===========================================================================
*/
// TODO? if a ClassLoader is unloaded, we need to unload all DLLs that
// are associated with it. (Or not -- can't determine if native code
// is still using parts of it.)
typedef enum OnLoadState {
kOnLoadPending = 0, /* initial state, must be zero */
kOnLoadFailed,
kOnLoadOkay,
} OnLoadState;
/*
* We add one of these to the hash table for every library we load. The
* hash is on the "pathName" field.
*/
typedef struct SharedLib {
char* pathName; /* absolute path to library */
void* handle; /* from dlopen */
Object* classLoader; /* ClassLoader we are associated with */
pthread_mutex_t onLoadLock; /* guards remaining items */
pthread_cond_t onLoadCond; /* wait for JNI_OnLoad in other thread */
u4 onLoadThreadId; /* recursive invocation guard */
OnLoadState onLoadResult; /* result of earlier JNI_OnLoad */
} SharedLib;
/*
* (This is a dvmHashTableLookup callback.)
*
* Find an entry that matches the string.
*/
static int hashcmpNameStr(const void* ventry, const void* vname)
{
const SharedLib* pLib = (const SharedLib*) ventry;
const char* name = (const char*) vname;
return strcmp(pLib->pathName, name);
}
/*
* (This is a dvmHashTableLookup callback.)
*
* Find an entry that matches the new entry.
*
* We don't compare the class loader here, because you're not allowed to
* have the same shared library associated with more than one CL.
*/
static int hashcmpSharedLib(const void* ventry, const void* vnewEntry)
{
const SharedLib* pLib = (const SharedLib*) ventry;
const SharedLib* pNewLib = (const SharedLib*) vnewEntry;
LOGD("--- comparing %p '%s' %p '%s'\n",
pLib, pLib->pathName, pNewLib, pNewLib->pathName);
return strcmp(pLib->pathName, pNewLib->pathName);
}
/*
* Check to see if an entry with the same pathname already exists.
*/
static SharedLib* findSharedLibEntry(const char* pathName)
{
u4 hash = dvmComputeUtf8Hash(pathName);
void* ent;
ent = dvmHashTableLookup(gDvm.nativeLibs, hash, (void*)pathName,
hashcmpNameStr, false);
return ent;
}
/*
* Add the new entry to the table.
*
* Returns the table entry, which will not be the same as "pLib" if the
* entry already exists.
*/
static SharedLib* addSharedLibEntry(SharedLib* pLib)
{
u4 hash = dvmComputeUtf8Hash(pLib->pathName);
void* ent;
/*
* Do the lookup with the "add" flag set. If we add it, we will get
* our own pointer back. If somebody beat us to the punch, we'll get
* their pointer back instead.
*/
return dvmHashTableLookup(gDvm.nativeLibs, hash, pLib, hashcmpSharedLib,
true);
}
/*
* Free up an entry. (This is a dvmHashTableFree callback.)
*/
static void freeSharedLibEntry(void* ptr)
{
SharedLib* pLib = (SharedLib*) ptr;
/*
* Calling dlclose() here is somewhat dangerous, because it's possible
* that a thread outside the VM is still accessing the code we loaded.
*/
if (false)
dlclose(pLib->handle);
free(pLib->pathName);
free(pLib);
}
/*
* Convert library name to system-dependent form, e.g. "jpeg" becomes
* "libjpeg.so".
*
* (Should we have this take buffer+len and avoid the alloc? It gets
* called very rarely.)
*/
char* dvmCreateSystemLibraryName(char* libName)
{
char buf[256];
int len;
len = snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), OS_SHARED_LIB_FORMAT_STR, libName);
if (len >= (int) sizeof(buf))
return NULL;
else
return strdup(buf);
}
#if 0
/*
* Find a library, given the lib's system-dependent name (e.g. "libjpeg.so").
*
* We need to search through the path defined by the java.library.path
* property.
*
* Returns NULL if the library was not found.
*/
static char* findLibrary(const char* libSysName)
{
char* javaLibraryPath = NULL;
char* testName = NULL;
char* start;
char* cp;
bool done;
javaLibraryPath = dvmGetProperty("java.library.path");
if (javaLibraryPath == NULL)
goto bail;
LOGVV("+++ path is '%s'\n", javaLibraryPath);
start = cp = javaLibraryPath;
while (cp != NULL) {
char pathBuf[256];
int len;
cp = strchr(start, ':');
if (cp != NULL)
*cp = '\0';
len = snprintf(pathBuf, sizeof(pathBuf), "%s/%s", start, libSysName);
if (len >= (int) sizeof(pathBuf)) {
LOGW("Path overflowed %d bytes: '%s' / '%s'\n",
len, start, libSysName);
/* keep going, next one might fit */
} else {
LOGVV("+++ trying '%s'\n", pathBuf);
if (access(pathBuf, R_OK) == 0) {
testName = strdup(pathBuf);
break;
}
}
start = cp +1;
}
bail:
free(javaLibraryPath);
return testName;
}
/*
* Load a native shared library, given the system-independent piece of
* the library name.
*
* Throws an exception on failure.
*/
void dvmLoadNativeLibrary(StringObject* libNameObj, Object* classLoader)
{
char* libName = NULL;
char* libSysName = NULL;
char* libPath = NULL;
/*
* If "classLoader" isn't NULL, call the class loader's "findLibrary"
* method with the lib name. If it returns a non-NULL result, we use
* that as the pathname.
*/
if (classLoader != NULL) {
Method* findLibrary;
Object* findLibResult;
findLibrary = dvmFindVirtualMethodByDescriptor(classLoader->clazz,
"findLibrary", "(Ljava/lang/String;)Ljava/lang/String;");
if (findLibrary == NULL) {
LOGW("Could not find findLibrary() in %s\n",
classLoader->clazz->name);
dvmThrowException("Ljava/lang/UnsatisfiedLinkError;",
"findLibrary");
goto bail;
}
findLibResult = (Object*)(u4) dvmCallMethod(findLibrary, classLoader,
libNameObj);
if (dvmCheckException()) {
LOGV("returning early on exception\n");
goto bail;
}
if (findLibResult != NULL) {
/* success! */
libPath = dvmCreateCstrFromString(libNameObj);
LOGI("Found library through CL: '%s'\n", libPath);
dvmLoadNativeCode(libPath, classLoader);
goto bail;
}
}
libName = dvmCreateCstrFromString(libNameObj);
if (libName == NULL)
goto bail;
libSysName = dvmCreateSystemLibraryName(libName);
if (libSysName == NULL)
goto bail;
libPath = findLibrary(libSysName);
if (libPath != NULL) {
LOGD("Found library through path: '%s'\n", libPath);
dvmLoadNativeCode(libPath, classLoader);
} else {
LOGW("Unable to locate shared lib matching '%s'\n", libSysName);
dvmThrowException("Ljava/lang/UnsatisfiedLinkError;", libName);
}
bail:
free(libName);
free(libSysName);
free(libPath);
}
#endif
/*
* Check the result of an earlier call to JNI_OnLoad on this library. If
* the call has not yet finished in another thread, wait for it.
*/
static bool checkOnLoadResult(SharedLib* pEntry)
{
Thread* self = dvmThreadSelf();
if (pEntry->onLoadThreadId == self->threadId) {
/*
* Check this so we don't end up waiting for ourselves. We need
* to return "true" so the caller can continue.
*/
LOGI("threadid=%d: recursive native library load attempt (%s)\n",
self->threadId, pEntry->pathName);
return true;
}
LOGV("+++ retrieving %s OnLoad status\n", pEntry->pathName);
bool result;
dvmLockMutex(&pEntry->onLoadLock);
while (pEntry->onLoadResult == kOnLoadPending) {
LOGD("threadid=%d: waiting for %s OnLoad status\n",
self->threadId, pEntry->pathName);
int oldStatus = dvmChangeStatus(self, THREAD_VMWAIT);
pthread_cond_wait(&pEntry->onLoadCond, &pEntry->onLoadLock);
dvmChangeStatus(self, oldStatus);
}
if (pEntry->onLoadResult == kOnLoadOkay) {
LOGV("+++ earlier OnLoad(%s) okay\n", pEntry->pathName);
result = true;
} else {
LOGV("+++ earlier OnLoad(%s) failed\n", pEntry->pathName);
result = false;
}
dvmUnlockMutex(&pEntry->onLoadLock);
return result;
}
typedef int (*OnLoadFunc)(JavaVM*, void*);
/*
* Load native code from the specified absolute pathname. Per the spec,
* if we've already loaded a library with the specified pathname, we
* return without doing anything.
*
* TODO? for better results we should absolutify the pathname. For fully
* correct results we should stat to get the inode and compare that. The
* existing implementation is fine so long as everybody is using
* System.loadLibrary.
*
* The library will be associated with the specified class loader. The JNI
* spec says we can't load the same library into more than one class loader.
*
* Returns "true" on success.
*/
bool dvmLoadNativeCode(const char* pathName, Object* classLoader)
{
SharedLib* pEntry;
void* handle;
LOGD("Trying to load lib %s %p\n", pathName, classLoader);
/*
* See if we've already loaded it. If we have, and the class loader
* matches, return successfully without doing anything.
*/
pEntry = findSharedLibEntry(pathName);
if (pEntry != NULL) {
if (pEntry->classLoader != classLoader) {
LOGW("Shared lib '%s' already opened by CL %p; can't open in %p\n",
pathName, pEntry->classLoader, classLoader);
return false;
}
LOGD("Shared lib '%s' already loaded in same CL %p\n",
pathName, classLoader);
if (!checkOnLoadResult(pEntry))
return false;
return true;
}
/*
* Open the shared library. Because we're using a full path, the system
* doesn't have to search through LD_LIBRARY_PATH. (It may do so to
* resolve this library's dependencies though.)
*
* Failures here are expected when java.library.path has several entries
* and we have to hunt for the lib.
*
* The current android-arm dynamic linker implementation tends to
* return "Cannot find library" from dlerror() regardless of the actual
* problem. A more useful diagnostic may be sent to stdout/stderr if
* linker diagnostics are enabled, but that's not usually visible in
* Android apps. Some things to try:
* - make sure the library exists on the device
* - verify that the right path is being opened (the debug log message
* above can help with that)
* - check to see if the library is valid (e.g. not zero bytes long)
* - check config/prelink-linux-arm.map to ensure that the library
* is listed and is not being overrun by the previous entry (if
* loading suddenly stops working on a prelinked library, this is
* a good one to check)
* - write a trivial app that calls sleep() then dlopen(), attach
* to it with "strace -p <pid>" while it sleeps, and watch for
* attempts to open nonexistent dependent shared libs
*
* This can execute slowly for a large library on a busy system, so we
* want to switch from RUNNING to VMWAIT while it executes. This allows
* the GC to ignore us.
*/
Thread* self = dvmThreadSelf();
int oldStatus = dvmChangeStatus(self, THREAD_VMWAIT);
handle = dlopen(pathName, RTLD_LAZY);
dvmChangeStatus(self, oldStatus);
if (handle == NULL) {
LOGI("Unable to dlopen(%s): %s\n", pathName, dlerror());
return false;
}
/* create a new entry */
SharedLib* pNewEntry;
pNewEntry = (SharedLib*) calloc(1, sizeof(SharedLib));
pNewEntry->pathName = strdup(pathName);
pNewEntry->handle = handle;
pNewEntry->classLoader = classLoader;
dvmInitMutex(&pNewEntry->onLoadLock);
pthread_cond_init(&pNewEntry->onLoadCond, NULL);
pNewEntry->onLoadThreadId = self->threadId;
/* try to add it to the list */
SharedLib* pActualEntry = addSharedLibEntry(pNewEntry);
if (pNewEntry != pActualEntry) {
LOGI("WOW: we lost a race to add a shared lib (%s CL=%p)\n",
pathName, classLoader);
freeSharedLibEntry(pNewEntry);
return checkOnLoadResult(pActualEntry);
} else {
LOGD("Added shared lib %s %p\n", pathName, classLoader);
bool result = true;
void* vonLoad;
int version;
vonLoad = dlsym(handle, "JNI_OnLoad");
if (vonLoad == NULL) {
LOGD("No JNI_OnLoad found in %s %p\n", pathName, classLoader);
} else {
/*
* Call JNI_OnLoad. We have to override the current class
* loader, which will always be "null" since the stuff at the
* top of the stack is around Runtime.loadLibrary(). (See
* the comments in the JNI FindClass function.)
*/
OnLoadFunc func = vonLoad;
Object* prevOverride = self->classLoaderOverride;
self->classLoaderOverride = classLoader;
oldStatus = dvmChangeStatus(self, THREAD_NATIVE);
LOGV("+++ calling JNI_OnLoad(%s)\n", pathName);
version = (*func)(gDvm.vmList, NULL);
dvmChangeStatus(self, oldStatus);
self->classLoaderOverride = prevOverride;
if (version != JNI_VERSION_1_2 && version != JNI_VERSION_1_4 &&
version != JNI_VERSION_1_6)
{
LOGW("JNI_OnLoad returned bad version (%d) in %s %p\n",
version, pathName, classLoader);
/*
* It's unwise to call dlclose() here, but we can mark it
* as bad and ensure that future load attempts will fail.
*
* We don't know how far JNI_OnLoad got, so there could
* be some partially-initialized stuff accessible through
* newly-registered native method calls. We could try to
* unregister them, but that doesn't seem worthwhile.
*/
result = false;
} else {
LOGV("+++ finished JNI_OnLoad %s\n", pathName);
}
}
if (result)
pNewEntry->onLoadResult = kOnLoadOkay;
else
pNewEntry->onLoadResult = kOnLoadFailed;
pNewEntry->onLoadThreadId = 0;
/*
* Broadcast a wakeup to anybody sleeping on the condition variable.
*/
dvmLockMutex(&pNewEntry->onLoadLock);
pthread_cond_broadcast(&pNewEntry->onLoadCond);
dvmUnlockMutex(&pNewEntry->onLoadLock);
return result;
}
}
/*
* ===========================================================================
* Signature-based method lookup
* ===========================================================================
*/
/*
* Create the pre-mangled form of the class+method string.
*
* Returns a newly-allocated string, and sets "*pLen" to the length.
*/
static char* createJniNameString(const char* classDescriptor,
const char* methodName, int* pLen)
{
char* result;
size_t descriptorLength = strlen(classDescriptor);
*pLen = 4 + descriptorLength + strlen(methodName);
result = malloc(*pLen +1);
if (result == NULL)
return NULL;
/*
* Add one to classDescriptor to skip the "L", and then replace
* the final ";" with a "/" after the sprintf() call.
*/
sprintf(result, "Java/%s%s", classDescriptor + 1, methodName);
result[5 + (descriptorLength - 2)] = '/';
return result;
}
/*
* Returns a newly-allocated, mangled copy of "str".
*
* "str" is a "modified UTF-8" string. We convert it to UTF-16 first to
* make life simpler.
*/
static char* mangleString(const char* str, int len)
{
u2* utf16 = NULL;
char* mangle = NULL;
int charLen;
//LOGI("mangling '%s' %d\n", str, len);
assert(str[len] == '\0');
charLen = dvmUtf8Len(str);
utf16 = (u2*) malloc(sizeof(u2) * charLen);
if (utf16 == NULL)
goto bail;
dvmConvertUtf8ToUtf16(utf16, str);
/*
* Compute the length of the mangled string.
*/
int i, mangleLen = 0;
for (i = 0; i < charLen; i++) {
u2 ch = utf16[i];
if (ch == '$' || ch > 127) {
mangleLen += 6;
} else {
switch (ch) {
case '_':
case ';':
case '[':
mangleLen += 2;
break;
default:
mangleLen++;
break;
}
}
}
char* cp;
mangle = (char*) malloc(mangleLen +1);
if (mangle == NULL)
goto bail;
for (i = 0, cp = mangle; i < charLen; i++) {
u2 ch = utf16[i];
if (ch == '$' || ch > 127) {
sprintf(cp, "_0%04x", ch);
cp += 6;
} else {
switch (ch) {
case '_':
*cp++ = '_';
*cp++ = '1';
break;
case ';':
*cp++ = '_';
*cp++ = '2';
break;
case '[':
*cp++ = '_';
*cp++ = '3';
break;
case '/':
*cp++ = '_';
break;
default:
*cp++ = (char) ch;
break;
}
}
}
*cp = '\0';
bail:
free(utf16);
return mangle;
}
/*
* Create the mangled form of the parameter types.
*/
static char* createMangledSignature(const DexProto* proto)
{
DexStringCache sigCache;
const char* interim;
char* result;
dexStringCacheInit(&sigCache);
interim = dexProtoGetParameterDescriptors(proto, &sigCache);
result = mangleString(interim, strlen(interim));
dexStringCacheRelease(&sigCache);
return result;
}
/*
* (This is a dvmHashForeach callback.)
*
* Search for a matching method in this shared library.
*
* TODO: we may want to skip libraries for which JNI_OnLoad failed.
*/
static int findMethodInLib(void* vlib, void* vmethod)
{
const SharedLib* pLib = (const SharedLib*) vlib;
const Method* meth = (const Method*) vmethod;
char* preMangleCM = NULL;
char* mangleCM = NULL;
char* mangleSig = NULL;
char* mangleCMSig = NULL;
void* func = NULL;
int len;
if (meth->clazz->classLoader != pLib->classLoader) {
LOGD("+++ not scanning '%s' for '%s' (wrong CL)\n",
pLib->pathName, meth->name);
return 0;
} else
LOGV("+++ scanning '%s' for '%s'\n", pLib->pathName, meth->name);
/*
* First, we try it without the signature.
*/
preMangleCM =
createJniNameString(meth->clazz->descriptor, meth->name, &len);
if (preMangleCM == NULL)
goto bail;
mangleCM = mangleString(preMangleCM, len);
if (mangleCM == NULL)
goto bail;
LOGV("+++ calling dlsym(%s)\n", mangleCM);
func = dlsym(pLib->handle, mangleCM);
if (func == NULL) {
mangleSig =
createMangledSignature(&meth->prototype);
if (mangleSig == NULL)
goto bail;
mangleCMSig = (char*) malloc(strlen(mangleCM) + strlen(mangleSig) +3);
if (mangleCMSig == NULL)
goto bail;
sprintf(mangleCMSig, "%s__%s", mangleCM, mangleSig);
LOGV("+++ calling dlsym(%s)\n", mangleCMSig);
func = dlsym(pLib->handle, mangleCMSig);
if (func != NULL) {
LOGV("Found '%s' with dlsym\n", mangleCMSig);
}
} else {
LOGV("Found '%s' with dlsym\n", mangleCM);
}
bail:
free(preMangleCM);
free(mangleCM);
free(mangleSig);
free(mangleCMSig);
return (int) func;
}
/*
* See if the requested method lives in any of the currently-loaded
* shared libraries. We do this by checking each of them for the expected
* method signature.
*/
static void* lookupSharedLibMethod(const Method* method)
{
if (gDvm.nativeLibs == NULL) {
LOGE("Unexpected init state: nativeLibs not ready\n");
dvmAbort();
}
return (void*) dvmHashForeach(gDvm.nativeLibs, findMethodInLib,
(void*) method);
}