-- 'f' code formatting, with explicit precision (>= 0). Output always -- has the given number of places after the point; zeros are added if -- necessary to make this true. -- zeros %.0f 0 -> 0 %.1f 0 -> 0.0 %.2f 0 -> 0.00 %.3f 0 -> 0.000 %.50f 0 -> 0.00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 -- precision 0; result should never include a . %.0f 1.5 -> 2 %.0f 2.5 -> 2 %.0f 3.5 -> 4 %.0f 0.0 -> 0 %.0f 0.1 -> 0 %.0f 0.001 -> 0 %.0f 10.0 -> 10 %.0f 10.1 -> 10 %.0f 10.01 -> 10 %.0f 123.456 -> 123 %.0f 1234.56 -> 1235 %.0f 1e49 -> 9999999999999999464902769475481793196872414789632 %.0f 9.9999999999999987e+49 -> 99999999999999986860582406952576489172979654066176 %.0f 1e50 -> 100000000000000007629769841091887003294964970946560 -- precision 1 %.1f 0.0001 -> 0.0 %.1f 0.001 -> 0.0 %.1f 0.01 -> 0.0 %.1f 0.04 -> 0.0 %.1f 0.06 -> 0.1 %.1f 0.25 -> 0.2 %.1f 0.75 -> 0.8 %.1f 1.4 -> 1.4 %.1f 1.5 -> 1.5 %.1f 10.0 -> 10.0 %.1f 1000.03 -> 1000.0 %.1f 1234.5678 -> 1234.6 %.1f 1234.7499 -> 1234.7 %.1f 1234.75 -> 1234.8 -- precision 2 %.2f 0.0001 -> 0.00 %.2f 0.001 -> 0.00 %.2f 0.004999 -> 0.00 %.2f 0.005001 -> 0.01 %.2f 0.01 -> 0.01 %.2f 0.125 -> 0.12 %.2f 0.375 -> 0.38 %.2f 1234500 -> 1234500.00 %.2f 1234560 -> 1234560.00 %.2f 1234567 -> 1234567.00 %.2f 1234567.8 -> 1234567.80 %.2f 1234567.89 -> 1234567.89 %.2f 1234567.891 -> 1234567.89 %.2f 1234567.8912 -> 1234567.89 -- alternate form always includes a decimal point. This only -- makes a difference when the precision is 0. %#.0f 0 -> 0. %#.1f 0 -> 0.0 %#.0f 1.5 -> 2. %#.0f 2.5 -> 2. %#.0f 10.1 -> 10. %#.0f 1234.56 -> 1235. %#.1f 1.4 -> 1.4 %#.2f 0.375 -> 0.38 -- if precision is omitted it defaults to 6 %f 0 -> 0.000000 %f 1230000 -> 1230000.000000 %f 1234567 -> 1234567.000000 %f 123.4567 -> 123.456700 %f 1.23456789 -> 1.234568 %f 0.00012 -> 0.000120 %f 0.000123 -> 0.000123 %f 0.00012345 -> 0.000123 %f 0.000001 -> 0.000001 %f 0.0000005001 -> 0.000001 %f 0.0000004999 -> 0.000000 -- 'e' code formatting with explicit precision (>= 0). Output should -- always have exactly the number of places after the point that were -- requested. -- zeros %.0e 0 -> 0e+00 %.1e 0 -> 0.0e+00 %.2e 0 -> 0.00e+00 %.10e 0 -> 0.0000000000e+00 %.50e 0 -> 0.00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000e+00 -- precision 0. no decimal point in the output %.0e 0.01 -> 1e-02 %.0e 0.1 -> 1e-01 %.0e 1 -> 1e+00 %.0e 10 -> 1e+01 %.0e 100 -> 1e+02 %.0e 0.012 -> 1e-02 %.0e 0.12 -> 1e-01 %.0e 1.2 -> 1e+00 %.0e 12 -> 1e+01 %.0e 120 -> 1e+02 %.0e 123.456 -> 1e+02 %.0e 0.000123456 -> 1e-04 %.0e 123456000 -> 1e+08 %.0e 0.5 -> 5e-01 %.0e 1.4 -> 1e+00 %.0e 1.5 -> 2e+00 %.0e 1.6 -> 2e+00 %.0e 2.4999999 -> 2e+00 %.0e 2.5 -> 2e+00 %.0e 2.5000001 -> 3e+00 %.0e 3.499999999999 -> 3e+00 %.0e 3.5 -> 4e+00 %.0e 4.5 -> 4e+00 %.0e 5.5 -> 6e+00 %.0e 6.5 -> 6e+00 %.0e 7.5 -> 8e+00 %.0e 8.5 -> 8e+00 %.0e 9.4999 -> 9e+00 %.0e 9.5 -> 1e+01 %.0e 10.5 -> 1e+01 %.0e 14.999 -> 1e+01 %.0e 15 -> 2e+01 -- precision 1 %.1e 0.0001 -> 1.0e-04 %.1e 0.001 -> 1.0e-03 %.1e 0.01 -> 1.0e-02 %.1e 0.1 -> 1.0e-01 %.1e 1 -> 1.0e+00 %.1e 10 -> 1.0e+01 %.1e 100 -> 1.0e+02 %.1e 120 -> 1.2e+02 %.1e 123 -> 1.2e+02 %.1e 123.4 -> 1.2e+02 -- precision 2 %.2e 0.00013 -> 1.30e-04 %.2e 0.000135 -> 1.35e-04 %.2e 0.0001357 -> 1.36e-04 %.2e 0.0001 -> 1.00e-04 %.2e 0.001 -> 1.00e-03 %.2e 0.01 -> 1.00e-02 %.2e 0.1 -> 1.00e-01 %.2e 1 -> 1.00e+00 %.2e 10 -> 1.00e+01 %.2e 100 -> 1.00e+02 %.2e 1000 -> 1.00e+03 %.2e 1500 -> 1.50e+03 %.2e 1590 -> 1.59e+03 %.2e 1598 -> 1.60e+03 %.2e 1598.7 -> 1.60e+03 %.2e 1598.76 -> 1.60e+03 %.2e 9999 -> 1.00e+04 -- omitted precision defaults to 6 %e 0 -> 0.000000e+00 %e 165 -> 1.650000e+02 %e 1234567 -> 1.234567e+06 %e 12345678 -> 1.234568e+07 %e 1.1 -> 1.100000e+00 -- alternate form always contains a decimal point. This only makes -- a difference when precision is 0. %#.0e 0.01 -> 1.e-02 %#.0e 0.1 -> 1.e-01 %#.0e 1 -> 1.e+00 %#.0e 10 -> 1.e+01 %#.0e 100 -> 1.e+02 %#.0e 0.012 -> 1.e-02 %#.0e 0.12 -> 1.e-01 %#.0e 1.2 -> 1.e+00 %#.0e 12 -> 1.e+01 %#.0e 120 -> 1.e+02 %#.0e 123.456 -> 1.e+02 %#.0e 0.000123456 -> 1.e-04 %#.0e 123456000 -> 1.e+08 %#.0e 0.5 -> 5.e-01 %#.0e 1.4 -> 1.e+00 %#.0e 1.5 -> 2.e+00 %#.0e 1.6 -> 2.e+00 %#.0e 2.4999999 -> 2.e+00 %#.0e 2.5 -> 2.e+00 %#.0e 2.5000001 -> 3.e+00 %#.0e 3.499999999999 -> 3.e+00 %#.0e 3.5 -> 4.e+00 %#.0e 4.5 -> 4.e+00 %#.0e 5.5 -> 6.e+00 %#.0e 6.5 -> 6.e+00 %#.0e 7.5 -> 8.e+00 %#.0e 8.5 -> 8.e+00 %#.0e 9.4999 -> 9.e+00 %#.0e 9.5 -> 1.e+01 %#.0e 10.5 -> 1.e+01 %#.0e 14.999 -> 1.e+01 %#.0e 15 -> 2.e+01 %#.1e 123.4 -> 1.2e+02 %#.2e 0.0001357 -> 1.36e-04 -- 'g' code formatting. -- zeros %.0g 0 -> 0 %.1g 0 -> 0 %.2g 0 -> 0 %.3g 0 -> 0 %.4g 0 -> 0 %.10g 0 -> 0 %.50g 0 -> 0 %.100g 0 -> 0 -- precision 0 doesn't make a lot of sense for the 'g' code (what does -- it mean to have no significant digits?); in practice, it's interpreted -- as identical to precision 1 %.0g 1000 -> 1e+03 %.0g 100 -> 1e+02 %.0g 10 -> 1e+01 %.0g 1 -> 1 %.0g 0.1 -> 0.1 %.0g 0.01 -> 0.01 %.0g 1e-3 -> 0.001 %.0g 1e-4 -> 0.0001 %.0g 1e-5 -> 1e-05 %.0g 1e-6 -> 1e-06 %.0g 12 -> 1e+01 %.0g 120 -> 1e+02 %.0g 1.2 -> 1 %.0g 0.12 -> 0.1 %.0g 0.012 -> 0.01 %.0g 0.0012 -> 0.001 %.0g 0.00012 -> 0.0001 %.0g 0.000012 -> 1e-05 %.0g 0.0000012 -> 1e-06 -- precision 1 identical to precision 0 %.1g 1000 -> 1e+03 %.1g 100 -> 1e+02 %.1g 10 -> 1e+01 %.1g 1 -> 1 %.1g 0.1 -> 0.1 %.1g 0.01 -> 0.01 %.1g 1e-3 -> 0.001 %.1g 1e-4 -> 0.0001 %.1g 1e-5 -> 1e-05 %.1g 1e-6 -> 1e-06 %.1g 12 -> 1e+01 %.1g 120 -> 1e+02 %.1g 1.2 -> 1 %.1g 0.12 -> 0.1 %.1g 0.012 -> 0.01 %.1g 0.0012 -> 0.001 %.1g 0.00012 -> 0.0001 %.1g 0.000012 -> 1e-05 %.1g 0.0000012 -> 1e-06 -- precision 2 %.2g 1000 -> 1e+03 %.2g 100 -> 1e+02 %.2g 10 -> 10 %.2g 1 -> 1 %.2g 0.1 -> 0.1 %.2g 0.01 -> 0.01 %.2g 0.001 -> 0.001 %.2g 1e-4 -> 0.0001 %.2g 1e-5 -> 1e-05 %.2g 1e-6 -> 1e-06 %.2g 1234 -> 1.2e+03 %.2g 123 -> 1.2e+02 %.2g 12.3 -> 12 %.2g 1.23 -> 1.2 %.2g 0.123 -> 0.12 %.2g 0.0123 -> 0.012 %.2g 0.00123 -> 0.0012 %.2g 0.000123 -> 0.00012 %.2g 0.0000123 -> 1.2e-05 -- bad cases from http://bugs.python.org/issue9980 %.12g 38210.0 -> 38210 %.12g 37210.0 -> 37210 %.12g 36210.0 -> 36210 -- alternate g formatting: always include decimal point and -- exactly <precision> significant digits. %#.0g 0 -> 0. %#.1g 0 -> 0. %#.2g 0 -> 0.0 %#.3g 0 -> 0.00 %#.4g 0 -> 0.000 %#.0g 0.2 -> 0.2 %#.1g 0.2 -> 0.2 %#.2g 0.2 -> 0.20 %#.3g 0.2 -> 0.200 %#.4g 0.2 -> 0.2000 %#.10g 0.2 -> 0.2000000000 %#.0g 2 -> 2. %#.1g 2 -> 2. %#.2g 2 -> 2.0 %#.3g 2 -> 2.00 %#.4g 2 -> 2.000 %#.0g 20 -> 2.e+01 %#.1g 20 -> 2.e+01 %#.2g 20 -> 20. %#.3g 20 -> 20.0 %#.4g 20 -> 20.00 %#.0g 234.56 -> 2.e+02 %#.1g 234.56 -> 2.e+02 %#.2g 234.56 -> 2.3e+02 %#.3g 234.56 -> 235. %#.4g 234.56 -> 234.6 %#.5g 234.56 -> 234.56 %#.6g 234.56 -> 234.560 -- repr formatting. Result always includes decimal point and at -- least one digit after the point, or an exponent. %r 0 -> 0.0 %r 1 -> 1.0 %r 0.01 -> 0.01 %r 0.02 -> 0.02 %r 0.03 -> 0.03 %r 0.04 -> 0.04 %r 0.05 -> 0.05 -- values >= 1e16 get an exponent %r 10 -> 10.0 %r 100 -> 100.0 %r 1e15 -> 1000000000000000.0 %r 9.999e15 -> 9999000000000000.0 %r 9999999999999998 -> 9999999999999998.0 %r 9999999999999999 -> 1e+16 %r 1e16 -> 1e+16 %r 1e17 -> 1e+17 -- as do values < 1e-4 %r 1e-3 -> 0.001 %r 1.001e-4 -> 0.0001001 %r 1.0000000000000001e-4 -> 0.0001 %r 1.000000000000001e-4 -> 0.0001000000000000001 %r 1.00000000001e-4 -> 0.000100000000001 %r 1.0000000001e-4 -> 0.00010000000001 %r 1e-4 -> 0.0001 %r 0.99999999999999999e-4 -> 0.0001 %r 0.9999999999999999e-4 -> 9.999999999999999e-05 %r 0.999999999999e-4 -> 9.99999999999e-05 %r 0.999e-4 -> 9.99e-05 %r 1e-5 -> 1e-05