//===-- llvm-dwp.cpp - Split DWARF merging tool for llvm ------------------===// // // The LLVM Compiler Infrastructure // // This file is distributed under the University of Illinois Open Source // License. See LICENSE.TXT for details. // //===----------------------------------------------------------------------===// // // A utility for merging DWARF 5 Split DWARF .dwo files into .dwp (DWARF // package files). // //===----------------------------------------------------------------------===// #include "DWPError.h" #include "DWPStringPool.h" #include "llvm/ADT/MapVector.h" #include "llvm/ADT/STLExtras.h" #include "llvm/ADT/StringSet.h" #include "llvm/CodeGen/AsmPrinter.h" #include "llvm/DebugInfo/DWARF/DWARFFormValue.h" #include "llvm/DebugInfo/DWARF/DWARFUnitIndex.h" #include "llvm/MC/MCAsmInfo.h" #include "llvm/MC/MCContext.h" #include "llvm/MC/MCInstrInfo.h" #include "llvm/MC/MCObjectFileInfo.h" #include "llvm/MC/MCRegisterInfo.h" #include "llvm/MC/MCSectionELF.h" #include "llvm/MC/MCStreamer.h" #include "llvm/MC/MCTargetOptionsCommandFlags.h" #include "llvm/Object/ObjectFile.h" #include "llvm/Support/Compression.h" #include "llvm/Support/DataExtractor.h" #include "llvm/Support/Error.h" #include "llvm/Support/FileSystem.h" #include "llvm/Support/MathExtras.h" #include "llvm/Support/MemoryBuffer.h" #include "llvm/Support/Options.h" #include "llvm/Support/TargetRegistry.h" #include "llvm/Support/TargetSelect.h" #include "llvm/Support/raw_ostream.h" #include "llvm/Target/TargetMachine.h" #include <deque> #include <iostream> #include <memory> using namespace llvm; using namespace llvm::object; using namespace cl; OptionCategory DwpCategory("Specific Options"); static list<std::string> InputFiles(Positional, OneOrMore, desc("<input files>"), cat(DwpCategory)); static opt<std::string> OutputFilename(Required, "o", desc("Specify the output file."), value_desc("filename"), cat(DwpCategory)); static void writeStringsAndOffsets(MCStreamer &Out, DWPStringPool &Strings, MCSection *StrOffsetSection, StringRef CurStrSection, StringRef CurStrOffsetSection) { // Could possibly produce an error or warning if one of these was non-null but // the other was null. if (CurStrSection.empty() || CurStrOffsetSection.empty()) return; DenseMap<uint32_t, uint32_t> OffsetRemapping; DataExtractor Data(CurStrSection, true, 0); uint32_t LocalOffset = 0; uint32_t PrevOffset = 0; while (const char *s = Data.getCStr(&LocalOffset)) { OffsetRemapping[PrevOffset] = Strings.getOffset(s, LocalOffset - PrevOffset); PrevOffset = LocalOffset; } Data = DataExtractor(CurStrOffsetSection, true, 0); Out.SwitchSection(StrOffsetSection); uint32_t Offset = 0; uint64_t Size = CurStrOffsetSection.size(); while (Offset < Size) { auto OldOffset = Data.getU32(&Offset); auto NewOffset = OffsetRemapping[OldOffset]; Out.EmitIntValue(NewOffset, 4); } } static uint32_t getCUAbbrev(StringRef Abbrev, uint64_t AbbrCode) { uint64_t CurCode; uint32_t Offset = 0; DataExtractor AbbrevData(Abbrev, true, 0); while ((CurCode = AbbrevData.getULEB128(&Offset)) != AbbrCode) { // Tag AbbrevData.getULEB128(&Offset); // DW_CHILDREN AbbrevData.getU8(&Offset); // Attributes while (AbbrevData.getULEB128(&Offset) | AbbrevData.getULEB128(&Offset)) ; } return Offset; } struct CompileUnitIdentifiers { uint64_t Signature = 0; const char *Name = ""; const char *DWOName = ""; }; static Expected<const char *> getIndexedString(uint32_t Form, DataExtractor InfoData, uint32_t &InfoOffset, StringRef StrOffsets, StringRef Str) { if (Form == dwarf::DW_FORM_string) return InfoData.getCStr(&InfoOffset); if (Form != dwarf::DW_FORM_GNU_str_index) return make_error<DWPError>( "string field encoded without DW_FORM_string or DW_FORM_GNU_str_index"); auto StrIndex = InfoData.getULEB128(&InfoOffset); DataExtractor StrOffsetsData(StrOffsets, true, 0); uint32_t StrOffsetsOffset = 4 * StrIndex; uint32_t StrOffset = StrOffsetsData.getU32(&StrOffsetsOffset); DataExtractor StrData(Str, true, 0); return StrData.getCStr(&StrOffset); } static Expected<CompileUnitIdentifiers> getCUIdentifiers(StringRef Abbrev, StringRef Info, StringRef StrOffsets, StringRef Str) { uint32_t Offset = 0; DataExtractor InfoData(Info, true, 0); InfoData.getU32(&Offset); // Length uint16_t Version = InfoData.getU16(&Offset); InfoData.getU32(&Offset); // Abbrev offset (should be zero) uint8_t AddrSize = InfoData.getU8(&Offset); uint32_t AbbrCode = InfoData.getULEB128(&Offset); DataExtractor AbbrevData(Abbrev, true, 0); uint32_t AbbrevOffset = getCUAbbrev(Abbrev, AbbrCode); uint64_t Tag = AbbrevData.getULEB128(&AbbrevOffset); if (Tag != dwarf::DW_TAG_compile_unit) return make_error<DWPError>("top level DIE is not a compile unit"); // DW_CHILDREN AbbrevData.getU8(&AbbrevOffset); uint32_t Name; uint32_t Form; CompileUnitIdentifiers ID; while ((Name = AbbrevData.getULEB128(&AbbrevOffset)) | (Form = AbbrevData.getULEB128(&AbbrevOffset)) && (Name != 0 || Form != 0)) { switch (Name) { case dwarf::DW_AT_name: { Expected<const char *> EName = getIndexedString(Form, InfoData, Offset, StrOffsets, Str); if (!EName) return EName.takeError(); ID.Name = *EName; break; } case dwarf::DW_AT_GNU_dwo_name: { Expected<const char *> EName = getIndexedString(Form, InfoData, Offset, StrOffsets, Str); if (!EName) return EName.takeError(); ID.DWOName = *EName; break; } case dwarf::DW_AT_GNU_dwo_id: ID.Signature = InfoData.getU64(&Offset); break; default: DWARFFormValue::skipValue(Form, InfoData, &Offset, Version, AddrSize); } } return ID; } struct UnitIndexEntry { DWARFUnitIndex::Entry::SectionContribution Contributions[8]; std::string Name; std::string DWOName; StringRef DWPName; }; static StringRef getSubsection(StringRef Section, const DWARFUnitIndex::Entry &Entry, DWARFSectionKind Kind) { const auto *Off = Entry.getOffset(Kind); if (!Off) return StringRef(); return Section.substr(Off->Offset, Off->Length); } static void addAllTypesFromDWP( MCStreamer &Out, MapVector<uint64_t, UnitIndexEntry> &TypeIndexEntries, const DWARFUnitIndex &TUIndex, MCSection *OutputTypes, StringRef Types, const UnitIndexEntry &TUEntry, uint32_t &TypesOffset) { Out.SwitchSection(OutputTypes); for (const DWARFUnitIndex::Entry &E : TUIndex.getRows()) { auto *I = E.getOffsets(); if (!I) continue; auto P = TypeIndexEntries.insert(std::make_pair(E.getSignature(), TUEntry)); if (!P.second) continue; auto &Entry = P.first->second; // Zero out the debug_info contribution Entry.Contributions[0] = {}; for (auto Kind : TUIndex.getColumnKinds()) { auto &C = Entry.Contributions[Kind - DW_SECT_INFO]; C.Offset += I->Offset; C.Length = I->Length; ++I; } auto &C = Entry.Contributions[DW_SECT_TYPES - DW_SECT_INFO]; Out.EmitBytes(Types.substr( C.Offset - TUEntry.Contributions[DW_SECT_TYPES - DW_SECT_INFO].Offset, C.Length)); C.Offset = TypesOffset; TypesOffset += C.Length; } } static void addAllTypes(MCStreamer &Out, MapVector<uint64_t, UnitIndexEntry> &TypeIndexEntries, MCSection *OutputTypes, const std::vector<StringRef> &TypesSections, const UnitIndexEntry &CUEntry, uint32_t &TypesOffset) { for (StringRef Types : TypesSections) { Out.SwitchSection(OutputTypes); uint32_t Offset = 0; DataExtractor Data(Types, true, 0); while (Data.isValidOffset(Offset)) { UnitIndexEntry Entry = CUEntry; // Zero out the debug_info contribution Entry.Contributions[0] = {}; auto &C = Entry.Contributions[DW_SECT_TYPES - DW_SECT_INFO]; C.Offset = TypesOffset; auto PrevOffset = Offset; // Length of the unit, including the 4 byte length field. C.Length = Data.getU32(&Offset) + 4; Data.getU16(&Offset); // Version Data.getU32(&Offset); // Abbrev offset Data.getU8(&Offset); // Address size auto Signature = Data.getU64(&Offset); Offset = PrevOffset + C.Length; auto P = TypeIndexEntries.insert(std::make_pair(Signature, Entry)); if (!P.second) continue; Out.EmitBytes(Types.substr(PrevOffset, C.Length)); TypesOffset += C.Length; } } } static void writeIndexTable(MCStreamer &Out, ArrayRef<unsigned> ContributionOffsets, const MapVector<uint64_t, UnitIndexEntry> &IndexEntries, uint32_t DWARFUnitIndex::Entry::SectionContribution::*Field) { for (const auto &E : IndexEntries) for (size_t i = 0; i != array_lengthof(E.second.Contributions); ++i) if (ContributionOffsets[i]) Out.EmitIntValue(E.second.Contributions[i].*Field, 4); } static void writeIndex(MCStreamer &Out, MCSection *Section, ArrayRef<unsigned> ContributionOffsets, const MapVector<uint64_t, UnitIndexEntry> &IndexEntries) { if (IndexEntries.empty()) return; unsigned Columns = 0; for (auto &C : ContributionOffsets) if (C) ++Columns; std::vector<unsigned> Buckets(NextPowerOf2(3 * IndexEntries.size() / 2)); uint64_t Mask = Buckets.size() - 1; size_t i = 0; for (const auto &P : IndexEntries) { auto S = P.first; auto H = S & Mask; auto HP = ((S >> 32) & Mask) | 1; while (Buckets[H]) { assert(S != IndexEntries.begin()[Buckets[H] - 1].first && "Duplicate unit"); H = (H + HP) & Mask; } Buckets[H] = i + 1; ++i; } Out.SwitchSection(Section); Out.EmitIntValue(2, 4); // Version Out.EmitIntValue(Columns, 4); // Columns Out.EmitIntValue(IndexEntries.size(), 4); // Num Units Out.EmitIntValue(Buckets.size(), 4); // Num Buckets // Write the signatures. for (const auto &I : Buckets) Out.EmitIntValue(I ? IndexEntries.begin()[I - 1].first : 0, 8); // Write the indexes. for (const auto &I : Buckets) Out.EmitIntValue(I, 4); // Write the column headers (which sections will appear in the table) for (size_t i = 0; i != ContributionOffsets.size(); ++i) if (ContributionOffsets[i]) Out.EmitIntValue(i + DW_SECT_INFO, 4); // Write the offsets. writeIndexTable(Out, ContributionOffsets, IndexEntries, &DWARFUnitIndex::Entry::SectionContribution::Offset); // Write the lengths. writeIndexTable(Out, ContributionOffsets, IndexEntries, &DWARFUnitIndex::Entry::SectionContribution::Length); } static bool consumeCompressedDebugSectionHeader(StringRef &data, uint64_t &OriginalSize) { // Consume "ZLIB" prefix. if (!data.startswith("ZLIB")) return false; data = data.substr(4); // Consume uncompressed section size (big-endian 8 bytes). DataExtractor extractor(data, false, 8); uint32_t Offset = 0; OriginalSize = extractor.getU64(&Offset); if (Offset == 0) return false; data = data.substr(Offset); return true; } std::string buildDWODescription(StringRef Name, StringRef DWPName, StringRef DWOName) { std::string Text = "\'"; Text += Name; Text += '\''; if (!DWPName.empty()) { Text += " (from "; if (!DWOName.empty()) { Text += '\''; Text += DWOName; Text += "' in "; } Text += '\''; Text += DWPName; Text += "')"; } return Text; } static Error handleCompressedSection( std::deque<SmallString<32>> &UncompressedSections, StringRef &Name, StringRef &Contents) { if (!Name.startswith("zdebug_")) return Error(); UncompressedSections.emplace_back(); uint64_t OriginalSize; if (!zlib::isAvailable()) return make_error<DWPError>("zlib not available"); if (!consumeCompressedDebugSectionHeader(Contents, OriginalSize) || zlib::uncompress(Contents, UncompressedSections.back(), OriginalSize) != zlib::StatusOK) return make_error<DWPError>( ("failure while decompressing compressed section: '" + Name + "\'") .str()); Name = Name.substr(1); Contents = UncompressedSections.back(); return Error(); } static Error handleSection( const StringMap<std::pair<MCSection *, DWARFSectionKind>> &KnownSections, const MCSection *StrSection, const MCSection *StrOffsetSection, const MCSection *TypesSection, const MCSection *CUIndexSection, const MCSection *TUIndexSection, const SectionRef &Section, MCStreamer &Out, std::deque<SmallString<32>> &UncompressedSections, uint32_t (&ContributionOffsets)[8], UnitIndexEntry &CurEntry, StringRef &CurStrSection, StringRef &CurStrOffsetSection, std::vector<StringRef> &CurTypesSection, StringRef &InfoSection, StringRef &AbbrevSection, StringRef &CurCUIndexSection, StringRef &CurTUIndexSection) { if (Section.isBSS()) return Error(); if (Section.isVirtual()) return Error(); StringRef Name; if (std::error_code Err = Section.getName(Name)) return errorCodeToError(Err); Name = Name.substr(Name.find_first_not_of("._")); StringRef Contents; if (auto Err = Section.getContents(Contents)) return errorCodeToError(Err); if (auto Err = handleCompressedSection(UncompressedSections, Name, Contents)) return Err; auto SectionPair = KnownSections.find(Name); if (SectionPair == KnownSections.end()) return Error(); if (DWARFSectionKind Kind = SectionPair->second.second) { auto Index = Kind - DW_SECT_INFO; if (Kind != DW_SECT_TYPES) { CurEntry.Contributions[Index].Offset = ContributionOffsets[Index]; ContributionOffsets[Index] += (CurEntry.Contributions[Index].Length = Contents.size()); } switch (Kind) { case DW_SECT_INFO: InfoSection = Contents; break; case DW_SECT_ABBREV: AbbrevSection = Contents; break; default: break; } } MCSection *OutSection = SectionPair->second.first; if (OutSection == StrOffsetSection) CurStrOffsetSection = Contents; else if (OutSection == StrSection) CurStrSection = Contents; else if (OutSection == TypesSection) CurTypesSection.push_back(Contents); else if (OutSection == CUIndexSection) CurCUIndexSection = Contents; else if (OutSection == TUIndexSection) CurTUIndexSection = Contents; else { Out.SwitchSection(OutSection); Out.EmitBytes(Contents); } return Error(); } static Error buildDuplicateError(const std::pair<uint64_t, UnitIndexEntry> &PrevE, const CompileUnitIdentifiers &ID, StringRef DWPName) { return make_error<DWPError>( std::string("Duplicate DWO ID (") + utohexstr(PrevE.first) + ") in " + buildDWODescription(PrevE.second.Name, PrevE.second.DWPName, PrevE.second.DWOName) + " and " + buildDWODescription(ID.Name, DWPName, ID.DWOName)); } static Error write(MCStreamer &Out, ArrayRef<std::string> Inputs) { const auto &MCOFI = *Out.getContext().getObjectFileInfo(); MCSection *const StrSection = MCOFI.getDwarfStrDWOSection(); MCSection *const StrOffsetSection = MCOFI.getDwarfStrOffDWOSection(); MCSection *const TypesSection = MCOFI.getDwarfTypesDWOSection(); MCSection *const CUIndexSection = MCOFI.getDwarfCUIndexSection(); MCSection *const TUIndexSection = MCOFI.getDwarfTUIndexSection(); const StringMap<std::pair<MCSection *, DWARFSectionKind>> KnownSections = { {"debug_info.dwo", {MCOFI.getDwarfInfoDWOSection(), DW_SECT_INFO}}, {"debug_types.dwo", {MCOFI.getDwarfTypesDWOSection(), DW_SECT_TYPES}}, {"debug_str_offsets.dwo", {StrOffsetSection, DW_SECT_STR_OFFSETS}}, {"debug_str.dwo", {StrSection, static_cast<DWARFSectionKind>(0)}}, {"debug_loc.dwo", {MCOFI.getDwarfLocDWOSection(), DW_SECT_LOC}}, {"debug_line.dwo", {MCOFI.getDwarfLineDWOSection(), DW_SECT_LINE}}, {"debug_abbrev.dwo", {MCOFI.getDwarfAbbrevDWOSection(), DW_SECT_ABBREV}}, {"debug_cu_index", {CUIndexSection, static_cast<DWARFSectionKind>(0)}}, {"debug_tu_index", {TUIndexSection, static_cast<DWARFSectionKind>(0)}}}; MapVector<uint64_t, UnitIndexEntry> IndexEntries; MapVector<uint64_t, UnitIndexEntry> TypeIndexEntries; uint32_t ContributionOffsets[8] = {}; DWPStringPool Strings(Out, StrSection); SmallVector<OwningBinary<object::ObjectFile>, 128> Objects; Objects.reserve(Inputs.size()); std::deque<SmallString<32>> UncompressedSections; for (const auto &Input : Inputs) { auto ErrOrObj = object::ObjectFile::createObjectFile(Input); if (!ErrOrObj) return ErrOrObj.takeError(); auto &Obj = *ErrOrObj->getBinary(); Objects.push_back(std::move(*ErrOrObj)); UnitIndexEntry CurEntry = {}; StringRef CurStrSection; StringRef CurStrOffsetSection; std::vector<StringRef> CurTypesSection; StringRef InfoSection; StringRef AbbrevSection; StringRef CurCUIndexSection; StringRef CurTUIndexSection; for (const auto &Section : Obj.sections()) if (auto Err = handleSection( KnownSections, StrSection, StrOffsetSection, TypesSection, CUIndexSection, TUIndexSection, Section, Out, UncompressedSections, ContributionOffsets, CurEntry, CurStrSection, CurStrOffsetSection, CurTypesSection, InfoSection, AbbrevSection, CurCUIndexSection, CurTUIndexSection)) return Err; if (InfoSection.empty()) continue; writeStringsAndOffsets(Out, Strings, StrOffsetSection, CurStrSection, CurStrOffsetSection); if (CurCUIndexSection.empty()) { Expected<CompileUnitIdentifiers> EID = getCUIdentifiers( AbbrevSection, InfoSection, CurStrOffsetSection, CurStrSection); if (!EID) return EID.takeError(); const auto &ID = *EID; auto P = IndexEntries.insert(std::make_pair(ID.Signature, CurEntry)); if (!P.second) return buildDuplicateError(*P.first, ID, ""); P.first->second.Name = ID.Name; P.first->second.DWOName = ID.DWOName; addAllTypes(Out, TypeIndexEntries, TypesSection, CurTypesSection, CurEntry, ContributionOffsets[DW_SECT_TYPES - DW_SECT_INFO]); continue; } DWARFUnitIndex CUIndex(DW_SECT_INFO); DataExtractor CUIndexData(CurCUIndexSection, Obj.isLittleEndian(), 0); if (!CUIndex.parse(CUIndexData)) return make_error<DWPError>("Failed to parse cu_index"); for (const DWARFUnitIndex::Entry &E : CUIndex.getRows()) { auto *I = E.getOffsets(); if (!I) continue; auto P = IndexEntries.insert(std::make_pair(E.getSignature(), CurEntry)); Expected<CompileUnitIdentifiers> EID = getCUIdentifiers( getSubsection(AbbrevSection, E, DW_SECT_ABBREV), getSubsection(InfoSection, E, DW_SECT_INFO), getSubsection(CurStrOffsetSection, E, DW_SECT_STR_OFFSETS), CurStrSection); if (!EID) return EID.takeError(); const auto &ID = *EID; if (!P.second) return buildDuplicateError(*P.first, ID, Input); auto &NewEntry = P.first->second; NewEntry.Name = ID.Name; NewEntry.DWOName = ID.DWOName; NewEntry.DWPName = Input; for (auto Kind : CUIndex.getColumnKinds()) { auto &C = NewEntry.Contributions[Kind - DW_SECT_INFO]; C.Offset += I->Offset; C.Length = I->Length; ++I; } } if (!CurTypesSection.empty()) { if (CurTypesSection.size() != 1) return make_error<DWPError>("multiple type unit sections in .dwp file"); DWARFUnitIndex TUIndex(DW_SECT_TYPES); DataExtractor TUIndexData(CurTUIndexSection, Obj.isLittleEndian(), 0); if (!TUIndex.parse(TUIndexData)) return make_error<DWPError>("Failed to parse tu_index"); addAllTypesFromDWP(Out, TypeIndexEntries, TUIndex, TypesSection, CurTypesSection.front(), CurEntry, ContributionOffsets[DW_SECT_TYPES - DW_SECT_INFO]); } } // Lie about there being no info contributions so the TU index only includes // the type unit contribution ContributionOffsets[0] = 0; writeIndex(Out, MCOFI.getDwarfTUIndexSection(), ContributionOffsets, TypeIndexEntries); // Lie about the type contribution ContributionOffsets[DW_SECT_TYPES - DW_SECT_INFO] = 0; // Unlie about the info contribution ContributionOffsets[0] = 1; writeIndex(Out, MCOFI.getDwarfCUIndexSection(), ContributionOffsets, IndexEntries); return Error(); } static int error(const Twine &Error, const Twine &Context) { errs() << Twine("while processing ") + Context + ":\n"; errs() << Twine("error: ") + Error + "\n"; return 1; } int main(int argc, char **argv) { ParseCommandLineOptions(argc, argv, "merge split dwarf (.dwo) files"); llvm::InitializeAllTargetInfos(); llvm::InitializeAllTargetMCs(); llvm::InitializeAllTargets(); llvm::InitializeAllAsmPrinters(); std::string ErrorStr; StringRef Context = "dwarf streamer init"; Triple TheTriple("x86_64-linux-gnu"); // Get the target. const Target *TheTarget = TargetRegistry::lookupTarget("", TheTriple, ErrorStr); if (!TheTarget) return error(ErrorStr, Context); std::string TripleName = TheTriple.getTriple(); // Create all the MC Objects. std::unique_ptr<MCRegisterInfo> MRI(TheTarget->createMCRegInfo(TripleName)); if (!MRI) return error(Twine("no register info for target ") + TripleName, Context); std::unique_ptr<MCAsmInfo> MAI(TheTarget->createMCAsmInfo(*MRI, TripleName)); if (!MAI) return error("no asm info for target " + TripleName, Context); MCObjectFileInfo MOFI; MCContext MC(MAI.get(), MRI.get(), &MOFI); MOFI.InitMCObjectFileInfo(TheTriple, /*PIC*/ false, CodeModel::Default, MC); auto MAB = TheTarget->createMCAsmBackend(*MRI, TripleName, ""); if (!MAB) return error("no asm backend for target " + TripleName, Context); std::unique_ptr<MCInstrInfo> MII(TheTarget->createMCInstrInfo()); if (!MII) return error("no instr info info for target " + TripleName, Context); std::unique_ptr<MCSubtargetInfo> MSTI( TheTarget->createMCSubtargetInfo(TripleName, "", "")); if (!MSTI) return error("no subtarget info for target " + TripleName, Context); MCCodeEmitter *MCE = TheTarget->createMCCodeEmitter(*MII, *MRI, MC); if (!MCE) return error("no code emitter for target " + TripleName, Context); // Create the output file. std::error_code EC; raw_fd_ostream OutFile(OutputFilename, EC, sys::fs::F_None); if (EC) return error(Twine(OutputFilename) + ": " + EC.message(), Context); MCTargetOptions MCOptions = InitMCTargetOptionsFromFlags(); std::unique_ptr<MCStreamer> MS(TheTarget->createMCObjectStreamer( TheTriple, MC, *MAB, OutFile, MCE, *MSTI, MCOptions.MCRelaxAll, MCOptions.MCIncrementalLinkerCompatible, /*DWARFMustBeAtTheEnd*/ false)); if (!MS) return error("no object streamer for target " + TripleName, Context); if (auto Err = write(*MS, InputFiles)) { logAllUnhandledErrors(std::move(Err), errs(), "error: "); return 1; } MS->Finish(); }