# Copyright (c) 2003-2016 CORE Security Technologies
#
# This software is provided under under a slightly modified version
# of the Apache Software License. See the accompanying LICENSE file
# for more information.
#
from struct import pack, unpack, calcsize
class Structure:
""" sublcasses can define commonHdr and/or structure.
each of them is an tuple of either two: (fieldName, format) or three: (fieldName, ':', class) fields.
[it can't be a dictionary, because order is important]
where format specifies how the data in the field will be converted to/from bytes (string)
class is the class to use when unpacking ':' fields.
each field can only contain one value (or an array of values for *)
i.e. struct.pack('Hl',1,2) is valid, but format specifier 'Hl' is not (you must use 2 dfferent fields)
format specifiers:
specifiers from module pack can be used with the same format
see struct.__doc__ (pack/unpack is finally called)
x [padding byte]
c [character]
b [signed byte]
B [unsigned byte]
h [signed short]
H [unsigned short]
l [signed long]
L [unsigned long]
i [signed integer]
I [unsigned integer]
q [signed long long (quad)]
Q [unsigned long long (quad)]
s [string (array of chars), must be preceded with length in format specifier, padded with zeros]
p [pascal string (includes byte count), must be preceded with length in format specifier, padded with zeros]
f [float]
d [double]
= [native byte ordering, size and alignment]
@ [native byte ordering, standard size and alignment]
! [network byte ordering]
< [little endian]
> [big endian]
usual printf like specifiers can be used (if started with %)
[not recommeneded, there is no why to unpack this]
%08x will output an 8 bytes hex
%s will output a string
%s\\x00 will output a NUL terminated string
%d%d will output 2 decimal digits (against the very same specification of Structure)
...
some additional format specifiers:
: just copy the bytes from the field into the output string (input may be string, other structure, or anything responding to __str__()) (for unpacking, all what's left is returned)
z same as :, but adds a NUL byte at the end (asciiz) (for unpacking the first NUL byte is used as terminator) [asciiz string]
u same as z, but adds two NUL bytes at the end (after padding to an even size with NULs). (same for unpacking) [unicode string]
w DCE-RPC/NDR string (it's a macro for [ '<L=(len(field)+1)/2','"\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00','<L=(len(field)+1)/2',':' ]
?-field length of field named 'field', formated as specified with ? ('?' may be '!H' for example). The input value overrides the real length
?1*?2 array of elements. Each formated as '?2', the number of elements in the array is stored as specified by '?1' (?1 is optional, or can also be a constant (number), for unpacking)
'xxxx literal xxxx (field's value doesn't change the output. quotes must not be closed or escaped)
"xxxx literal xxxx (field's value doesn't change the output. quotes must not be closed or escaped)
_ will not pack the field. Accepts a third argument, which is an unpack code. See _Test_UnpackCode for an example
?=packcode will evaluate packcode in the context of the structure, and pack the result as specified by ?. Unpacking is made plain
?&fieldname "Address of field fieldname".
For packing it will simply pack the id() of fieldname. Or use 0 if fieldname doesn't exists.
For unpacking, it's used to know weather fieldname has to be unpacked or not, i.e. by adding a & field you turn another field (fieldname) in an optional field.
"""
commonHdr = ()
structure = ()
debug = 0
def __init__(self, data = None, alignment = 0):
if not hasattr(self, 'alignment'):
self.alignment = alignment
self.fields = {}
self.rawData = data
if data is not None:
self.fromString(data)
else:
self.data = None
@classmethod
def fromFile(self, file):
answer = self()
answer.fromString(file.read(len(answer)))
return answer
def setAlignment(self, alignment):
self.alignment = alignment
def setData(self, data):
self.data = data
def packField(self, fieldName, format = None):
if self.debug:
print "packField( %s | %s )" % (fieldName, format)
if format is None:
format = self.formatForField(fieldName)
if self.fields.has_key(fieldName):
ans = self.pack(format, self.fields[fieldName], field = fieldName)
else:
ans = self.pack(format, None, field = fieldName)
if self.debug:
print "\tanswer %r" % ans
return ans
def getData(self):
if self.data is not None:
return self.data
data = ''
for field in self.commonHdr+self.structure:
try:
data += self.packField(field[0], field[1])
except Exception, e:
if self.fields.has_key(field[0]):
e.args += ("When packing field '%s | %s | %r' in %s" % (field[0], field[1], self[field[0]], self.__class__),)
else:
e.args += ("When packing field '%s | %s' in %s" % (field[0], field[1], self.__class__),)
raise
if self.alignment:
if len(data) % self.alignment:
data += ('\x00'*self.alignment)[:-(len(data) % self.alignment)]
#if len(data) % self.alignment: data += ('\x00'*self.alignment)[:-(len(data) % self.alignment)]
return data
def fromString(self, data):
self.rawData = data
for field in self.commonHdr+self.structure:
if self.debug:
print "fromString( %s | %s | %r )" % (field[0], field[1], data)
size = self.calcUnpackSize(field[1], data, field[0])
if self.debug:
print " size = %d" % size
dataClassOrCode = str
if len(field) > 2:
dataClassOrCode = field[2]
try:
self[field[0]] = self.unpack(field[1], data[:size], dataClassOrCode = dataClassOrCode, field = field[0])
except Exception,e:
e.args += ("When unpacking field '%s | %s | %r[:%d]'" % (field[0], field[1], data, size),)
raise
size = self.calcPackSize(field[1], self[field[0]], field[0])
if self.alignment and size % self.alignment:
size += self.alignment - (size % self.alignment)
data = data[size:]
return self
def __setitem__(self, key, value):
self.fields[key] = value
self.data = None # force recompute
def __getitem__(self, key):
return self.fields[key]
def __delitem__(self, key):
del self.fields[key]
def __str__(self):
return self.getData()
def __len__(self):
# XXX: improve
return len(self.getData())
def pack(self, format, data, field = None):
if self.debug:
print " pack( %s | %r | %s)" % (format, data, field)
if field:
addressField = self.findAddressFieldFor(field)
if (addressField is not None) and (data is None):
return ''
# void specifier
if format[:1] == '_':
return ''
# quote specifier
if format[:1] == "'" or format[:1] == '"':
return format[1:]
# code specifier
two = format.split('=')
if len(two) >= 2:
try:
return self.pack(two[0], data)
except:
fields = {'self':self}
fields.update(self.fields)
return self.pack(two[0], eval(two[1], {}, fields))
# address specifier
two = format.split('&')
if len(two) == 2:
try:
return self.pack(two[0], data)
except:
if (self.fields.has_key(two[1])) and (self[two[1]] is not None):
return self.pack(two[0], id(self[two[1]]) & ((1<<(calcsize(two[0])*8))-1) )
else:
return self.pack(two[0], 0)
# length specifier
two = format.split('-')
if len(two) == 2:
try:
return self.pack(two[0],data)
except:
return self.pack(two[0], self.calcPackFieldSize(two[1]))
# array specifier
two = format.split('*')
if len(two) == 2:
answer = ''
for each in data:
answer += self.pack(two[1], each)
if two[0]:
if two[0].isdigit():
if int(two[0]) != len(data):
raise Exception, "Array field has a constant size, and it doesn't match the actual value"
else:
return self.pack(two[0], len(data))+answer
return answer
# "printf" string specifier
if format[:1] == '%':
# format string like specifier
return format % data
# asciiz specifier
if format[:1] == 'z':
return str(data)+'\0'
# unicode specifier
if format[:1] == 'u':
return str(data)+'\0\0' + (len(data) & 1 and '\0' or '')
# DCE-RPC/NDR string specifier
if format[:1] == 'w':
if len(data) == 0:
data = '\0\0'
elif len(data) % 2:
data += '\0'
l = pack('<L', len(data)/2)
return '%s\0\0\0\0%s%s' % (l,l,data)
if data is None:
raise Exception, "Trying to pack None"
# literal specifier
if format[:1] == ':':
return str(data)
# struct like specifier
return pack(format, data)
def unpack(self, format, data, dataClassOrCode = str, field = None):
if self.debug:
print " unpack( %s | %r )" % (format, data)
if field:
addressField = self.findAddressFieldFor(field)
if addressField is not None:
if not self[addressField]:
return
# void specifier
if format[:1] == '_':
if dataClassOrCode != str:
fields = {'self':self, 'inputDataLeft':data}
fields.update(self.fields)
return eval(dataClassOrCode, {}, fields)
else:
return None
# quote specifier
if format[:1] == "'" or format[:1] == '"':
answer = format[1:]
if answer != data:
raise Exception, "Unpacked data doesn't match constant value '%r' should be '%r'" % (data, answer)
return answer
# address specifier
two = format.split('&')
if len(two) == 2:
return self.unpack(two[0],data)
# code specifier
two = format.split('=')
if len(two) >= 2:
return self.unpack(two[0],data)
# length specifier
two = format.split('-')
if len(two) == 2:
return self.unpack(two[0],data)
# array specifier
two = format.split('*')
if len(two) == 2:
answer = []
sofar = 0
if two[0].isdigit():
number = int(two[0])
elif two[0]:
sofar += self.calcUnpackSize(two[0], data)
number = self.unpack(two[0], data[:sofar])
else:
number = -1
while number and sofar < len(data):
nsofar = sofar + self.calcUnpackSize(two[1],data[sofar:])
answer.append(self.unpack(two[1], data[sofar:nsofar], dataClassOrCode))
number -= 1
sofar = nsofar
return answer
# "printf" string specifier
if format[:1] == '%':
# format string like specifier
return format % data
# asciiz specifier
if format == 'z':
if data[-1] != '\x00':
raise Exception, ("%s 'z' field is not NUL terminated: %r" % (field, data))
return data[:-1] # remove trailing NUL
# unicode specifier
if format == 'u':
if data[-2:] != '\x00\x00':
raise Exception, ("%s 'u' field is not NUL-NUL terminated: %r" % (field, data))
return data[:-2] # remove trailing NUL
# DCE-RPC/NDR string specifier
if format == 'w':
l = unpack('<L', data[:4])[0]
return data[12:12+l*2]
# literal specifier
if format == ':':
return dataClassOrCode(data)
# struct like specifier
return unpack(format, data)[0]
def calcPackSize(self, format, data, field = None):
# # print " calcPackSize %s:%r" % (format, data)
if field:
addressField = self.findAddressFieldFor(field)
if addressField is not None:
if not self[addressField]:
return 0
# void specifier
if format[:1] == '_':
return 0
# quote specifier
if format[:1] == "'" or format[:1] == '"':
return len(format)-1
# address specifier
two = format.split('&')
if len(two) == 2:
return self.calcPackSize(two[0], data)
# code specifier
two = format.split('=')
if len(two) >= 2:
return self.calcPackSize(two[0], data)
# length specifier
two = format.split('-')
if len(two) == 2:
return self.calcPackSize(two[0], data)
# array specifier
two = format.split('*')
if len(two) == 2:
answer = 0
if two[0].isdigit():
if int(two[0]) != len(data):
raise Exception, "Array field has a constant size, and it doesn't match the actual value"
elif two[0]:
answer += self.calcPackSize(two[0], len(data))
for each in data:
answer += self.calcPackSize(two[1], each)
return answer
# "printf" string specifier
if format[:1] == '%':
# format string like specifier
return len(format % data)
# asciiz specifier
if format[:1] == 'z':
return len(data)+1
# asciiz specifier
if format[:1] == 'u':
l = len(data)
return l + (l & 1 and 3 or 2)
# DCE-RPC/NDR string specifier
if format[:1] == 'w':
l = len(data)
return 12+l+l % 2
# literal specifier
if format[:1] == ':':
return len(data)
# struct like specifier
return calcsize(format)
def calcUnpackSize(self, format, data, field = None):
if self.debug:
print " calcUnpackSize( %s | %s | %r)" % (field, format, data)
# void specifier
if format[:1] == '_':
return 0
addressField = self.findAddressFieldFor(field)
if addressField is not None:
if not self[addressField]:
return 0
try:
lengthField = self.findLengthFieldFor(field)
return self[lengthField]
except:
pass
# XXX: Try to match to actual values, raise if no match
# quote specifier
if format[:1] == "'" or format[:1] == '"':
return len(format)-1
# address specifier
two = format.split('&')
if len(two) == 2:
return self.calcUnpackSize(two[0], data)
# code specifier
two = format.split('=')
if len(two) >= 2:
return self.calcUnpackSize(two[0], data)
# length specifier
two = format.split('-')
if len(two) == 2:
return self.calcUnpackSize(two[0], data)
# array specifier
two = format.split('*')
if len(two) == 2:
answer = 0
if two[0]:
if two[0].isdigit():
number = int(two[0])
else:
answer += self.calcUnpackSize(two[0], data)
number = self.unpack(two[0], data[:answer])
while number:
number -= 1
answer += self.calcUnpackSize(two[1], data[answer:])
else:
while answer < len(data):
answer += self.calcUnpackSize(two[1], data[answer:])
return answer
# "printf" string specifier
if format[:1] == '%':
raise Exception, "Can't guess the size of a printf like specifier for unpacking"
# asciiz specifier
if format[:1] == 'z':
return data.index('\x00')+1
# asciiz specifier
if format[:1] == 'u':
l = data.index('\x00\x00')
return l + (l & 1 and 3 or 2)
# DCE-RPC/NDR string specifier
if format[:1] == 'w':
l = unpack('<L', data[:4])[0]
return 12+l*2
# literal specifier
if format[:1] == ':':
return len(data)
# struct like specifier
return calcsize(format)
def calcPackFieldSize(self, fieldName, format = None):
if format is None:
format = self.formatForField(fieldName)
return self.calcPackSize(format, self[fieldName])
def formatForField(self, fieldName):
for field in self.commonHdr+self.structure:
if field[0] == fieldName:
return field[1]
raise Exception, ("Field %s not found" % fieldName)
def findAddressFieldFor(self, fieldName):
descriptor = '&%s' % fieldName
l = len(descriptor)
for field in self.commonHdr+self.structure:
if field[1][-l:] == descriptor:
return field[0]
return None
def findLengthFieldFor(self, fieldName):
descriptor = '-%s' % fieldName
l = len(descriptor)
for field in self.commonHdr+self.structure:
if field[1][-l:] == descriptor:
return field[0]
return None
def zeroValue(self, format):
two = format.split('*')
if len(two) == 2:
if two[0].isdigit():
return (self.zeroValue(two[1]),)*int(two[0])
if not format.find('*') == -1: return ()
if 's' in format: return ''
if format in ['z',':','u']: return ''
if format == 'w': return '\x00\x00'
return 0
def clear(self):
for field in self.commonHdr + self.structure:
self[field[0]] = self.zeroValue(field[1])
def dump(self, msg = None, indent = 0):
if msg is None: msg = self.__class__.__name__
ind = ' '*indent
print "\n%s" % msg
fixedFields = []
for field in self.commonHdr+self.structure:
i = field[0]
if i in self.fields:
fixedFields.append(i)
if isinstance(self[i], Structure):
self[i].dump('%s%s:{' % (ind,i), indent = indent + 4)
print "%s}" % ind
else:
print "%s%s: {%r}" % (ind,i,self[i])
# Do we have remaining fields not defined in the structures? let's
# print them
remainingFields = list(set(self.fields) - set(fixedFields))
for i in remainingFields:
if isinstance(self[i], Structure):
self[i].dump('%s%s:{' % (ind,i), indent = indent + 4)
print "%s}" % ind
else:
print "%s%s: {%r}" % (ind,i,self[i])
class _StructureTest:
alignment = 0
def create(self,data = None):
if data is not None:
return self.theClass(data, alignment = self.alignment)
else:
return self.theClass(alignment = self.alignment)
def run(self):
print
print "-"*70
testName = self.__class__.__name__
print "starting test: %s....." % testName
a = self.create()
self.populate(a)
a.dump("packing.....")
a_str = str(a)
print "packed: %r" % a_str
print "unpacking....."
b = self.create(a_str)
b.dump("unpacked.....")
print "repacking....."
b_str = str(b)
if b_str != a_str:
print "ERROR: original packed and repacked don't match"
print "packed: %r" % b_str
class _Test_simple(_StructureTest):
class theClass(Structure):
commonHdr = ()
structure = (
('int1', '!L'),
('len1','!L-z1'),
('arr1','B*<L'),
('z1', 'z'),
('u1','u'),
('', '"COCA'),
('len2','!H-:1'),
('', '"COCA'),
(':1', ':'),
('int3','>L'),
('code1','>L=len(arr1)*2+0x1000'),
)
def populate(self, a):
a['default'] = 'hola'
a['int1'] = 0x3131
a['int3'] = 0x45444342
a['z1'] = 'hola'
a['u1'] = 'hola'.encode('utf_16_le')
a[':1'] = ':1234:'
a['arr1'] = (0x12341234,0x88990077,0x41414141)
# a['len1'] = 0x42424242
class _Test_fixedLength(_Test_simple):
def populate(self, a):
_Test_simple.populate(self, a)
a['len1'] = 0x42424242
class _Test_simple_aligned4(_Test_simple):
alignment = 4
class _Test_nested(_StructureTest):
class theClass(Structure):
class _Inner(Structure):
structure = (('data', 'z'),)
structure = (
('nest1', ':', _Inner),
('nest2', ':', _Inner),
('int', '<L'),
)
def populate(self, a):
a['nest1'] = _Test_nested.theClass._Inner()
a['nest2'] = _Test_nested.theClass._Inner()
a['nest1']['data'] = 'hola manola'
a['nest2']['data'] = 'chau loco'
a['int'] = 0x12345678
class _Test_Optional(_StructureTest):
class theClass(Structure):
structure = (
('pName','<L&Name'),
('pList','<L&List'),
('Name','w'),
('List','<H*<L'),
)
def populate(self, a):
a['Name'] = 'Optional test'
a['List'] = (1,2,3,4)
class _Test_Optional_sparse(_Test_Optional):
def populate(self, a):
_Test_Optional.populate(self, a)
del a['Name']
class _Test_AsciiZArray(_StructureTest):
class theClass(Structure):
structure = (
('head','<L'),
('array','B*z'),
('tail','<L'),
)
def populate(self, a):
a['head'] = 0x1234
a['tail'] = 0xabcd
a['array'] = ('hola','manola','te traje')
class _Test_UnpackCode(_StructureTest):
class theClass(Structure):
structure = (
('leni','<L=len(uno)*2'),
('cuchi','_-uno','leni/2'),
('uno',':'),
('dos',':'),
)
def populate(self, a):
a['uno'] = 'soy un loco!'
a['dos'] = 'que haces fiera'
class _Test_AAA(_StructureTest):
class theClass(Structure):
commonHdr = ()
structure = (
('iv', '!L=((init_vector & 0xFFFFFF) << 8) | ((pad & 0x3f) << 2) | (keyid & 3)'),
('init_vector', '_','(iv >> 8)'),
('pad', '_','((iv >>2) & 0x3F)'),
('keyid', '_','( iv & 0x03 )'),
('dataLen', '_-data', 'len(inputDataLeft)-4'),
('data',':'),
('icv','>L'),
)
def populate(self, a):
a['init_vector']=0x01020304
#a['pad']=int('01010101',2)
a['pad']=int('010101',2)
a['keyid']=0x07
a['data']="\xA0\xA1\xA2\xA3\xA4\xA5\xA6\xA7\xA8\xA9"
a['icv'] = 0x05060708
#a['iv'] = 0x01020304
if __name__ == '__main__':
_Test_simple().run()
try:
_Test_fixedLength().run()
except:
print "cannot repack because length is bogus"
_Test_simple_aligned4().run()
_Test_nested().run()
_Test_Optional().run()
_Test_Optional_sparse().run()
_Test_AsciiZArray().run()
_Test_UnpackCode().run()
_Test_AAA().run()