Android应用程序启动过程源代码分析

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前文简要介绍了Android应用程序的Activity的启动过程。在Android系统中,应用程序是由Activity组成的,因此,应用程序的启动过程实际上就是应用程序中的默认Activity的启动过程,本文将详细分析应用程序框架层的源代码,了解Android应用程序的启动过程。

在上一篇文章Android应用程序的Activity启动过程简要介绍和学习计划中,我们举例子说明了启动Android应用程序中的Activity的两种情景,其中,在手机屏幕中点击应用程序图标的情景就会引发Android应用程序中的默认Activity的启动,从而把应用程序启动起来。这种启动方式的特点是会启动一个新的进程来加载相应的Activity。这里,我们继续以这个例子为例来说明Android应用程序的启动过程,即MainActivity的启动过程。

MainActivity的启动过程如下图所示:

点击查看大图

下面详细分析每一步是如何实现的。

Step 1. Launcher.startActivitySafely

在Android系统中,应用程序是由Launcher启动起来的,其实,Launcher本身也是一个应用程序,其它的应用程序安装后,就会Launcher的界面上出现一个相应的图标,点击这个图标时,Launcher就会对应的应用程序启动起来。

Launcher的源代码工程在packages/apps/Launcher2目录下,负责启动其它应用程序的源代码实现在src/com/android/launcher2/Launcher.java文件中:

/**
    * Default launcher application.
    */
    public final class Launcher extends Activity
            implements View.OnClickListener, OnLongClickListener, LauncherModel.Callbacks, AllAppsView.Watcher {

        ......

        /**
        * Launches the intent referred by the clicked shortcut.
        *
        * @param v The view representing the clicked shortcut.
        */
        public void onClick(View v) {
            Object tag = v.getTag();
            if (tag instanceof ShortcutInfo) {
                // Open shortcut
                final Intent intent = ((ShortcutInfo) tag).intent;
                int[] pos = new int[2];
                v.getLocationOnScreen(pos);
                intent.setSourceBounds(new Rect(pos[0], pos[1],
                    pos[0] + v.getWidth(), pos[1] + v.getHeight()));
                startActivitySafely(intent, tag);
            } else if (tag instanceof FolderInfo) {
                ......
            } else if (v == mHandleView) {
                ......
            }
        }

        void startActivitySafely(Intent intent, Object tag) {
            intent.addFlags(Intent.FLAG_ACTIVITY_NEW_TASK);
            try {
                startActivity(intent);
            } catch (ActivityNotFoundException e) {
                ......
            } catch (SecurityException e) {
                ......
            }
        }

        ......

    }

回忆一下前面一篇文章Android应用程序的Activity启动过程简要介绍和学习计划说到的应用程序Activity,它的默认Activity是MainActivity,这里是AndroidManifest.xml文件中配置的:

<activity android:name=".MainActivity"  
          android:label="@string/app_name">  
           <intent-filter>  
            <action android:name="android.intent.action.MAIN" />  
            <category android:name="android.intent.category.LAUNCHER" />  
        </intent-filter>  
    </activity>  

因此,这里的intent包含的信息为:action = "android.intent.action.Main",category="android.intent.category.LAUNCHER", cmp="shy.luo.activity/.MainActivity",表示它要启动的Activity为shy.luo.activity.MainActivity。Intent.FLAG_ACTIVITY_NEW_TASK表示要在一个新的Task中启动这个Activity,注意,Task是Android系统中的概念,它不同于进程Process的概念。简单地说,一个Task是一系列Activity的集合,这个集合是以堆栈的形式来组织的,遵循后进先出的原则。事实上,Task是一个非常复杂的概念,有兴趣的读者可以到官网http://developer.android.com/guide/topics/manifest/activity-element.html查看相关的资料。这里,我们只要知道,这个MainActivity要在一个新的Task中启动就可以了。

Step 2. Activity.startActivity

在Step 1中,我们看到,Launcher继承于Activity类,而Activity类实现了startActivity函数,因此,这里就调用了Activity.startActivity函数,它实现在frameworks/base/core/java/android/app/Activity.java文件中:

public class Activity extends ContextThemeWrapper
            implements LayoutInflater.Factory,
            Window.Callback, KeyEvent.Callback,
            OnCreateContextMenuListener, ComponentCallbacks {

        ......

        @Override
        public void startActivity(Intent intent) {
            startActivityForResult(intent, -1);
        }

        ......

    }

这个函数实现很简单,它调用startActivityForResult来进一步处理,第二个参数传入-1表示不需要这个Actvity结束后的返回结果。

Step 3. Activity.startActivityForResult

这个函数也是实现在frameworks/base/core/java/android/app/Activity.java文件中:

public class Activity extends ContextThemeWrapper
            implements LayoutInflater.Factory,
            Window.Callback, KeyEvent.Callback,
            OnCreateContextMenuListener, ComponentCallbacks {

        ......

        public void startActivityForResult(Intent intent, int requestCode) {
            if (mParent == null) {
                Instrumentation.ActivityResult ar =
                    mInstrumentation.execStartActivity(
                    this, mMainThread.getApplicationThread(), mToken, this,
                    intent, requestCode);
                ......
            } else {
                ......
            }

        ......

    }

这里的mInstrumentation是Activity类的成员变量,它的类型是Intrumentation,定义在frameworks/base/core/java/android/app/Instrumentation.java文件中,它用来监控应用程序和系统的交互。

这里的mMainThread也是Activity类的成员变量,它的类型是ActivityThread,它代表的是应用程序的主线程,我们在Android系统在新进程中启动自定义服务过程(startService)的原理分析一文中已经介绍过了。这里通过mMainThread.getApplicationThread获得它里面的ApplicationThread成员变量,它是一个Binder对象,后面我们会看到,ActivityManagerService会使用它来和ActivityThread来进行进程间通信。这里我们需注意的是,这里的mMainThread代表的是Launcher应用程序运行的进程。

这里的mToken也是Activity类的成员变量,它是一个Binder对象的远程接口。

Step 4. Instrumentation.execStartActivity 这个函数定义在frameworks/base/core/java/android/app/Instrumentation.java文件中:

public class Instrumentation {

        ......

        public ActivityResult execStartActivity(
        Context who, IBinder contextThread, IBinder token, Activity target,
        Intent intent, int requestCode) {
            IApplicationThread whoThread = (IApplicationThread) contextThread;
            if (mActivityMonitors != null) {
                ......
            }
            try {
                int result = ActivityManagerNative.getDefault()
                    .startActivity(whoThread, intent,
                    intent.resolveTypeIfNeeded(who.getContentResolver()),
                    null, 0, token, target != null ? target.mEmbeddedID : null,
                    requestCode, false, false);
                ......
            } catch (RemoteException e) {
            }
            return null;
        }

        ......

    }

这里的ActivityManagerNative.getDefault返回ActivityManagerService的远程接口,即ActivityManagerProxy接口,具体可以参考Android系统在新进程中启动自定义服务过程(startService)的原理分析一文。

这里的intent.resolveTypeIfNeeded返回这个intent的MIME类型,在这个例子中,没有AndroidManifest.xml设置MainActivity的MIME类型,因此,这里返回null。

这里的target不为null,但是target.mEmbddedID为null,我们不用关注。

Step 5. ActivityManagerProxy.startActivity

这个函数定义在frameworks/base/core/java/android/app/ActivityManagerNative.java文件中:

class ActivityManagerProxy implements IActivityManager
    {

        ......

        public int startActivity(IApplicationThread caller, Intent intent,
                String resolvedType, Uri[] grantedUriPermissions, int grantedMode,
                IBinder resultTo, String resultWho,
                int requestCode, boolean onlyIfNeeded,
                boolean debug) throws RemoteException {
            Parcel data = Parcel.obtain();
            Parcel reply = Parcel.obtain();
            data.writeInterfaceToken(IActivityManager.descriptor);
            data.writeStrongBinder(caller != null ? caller.asBinder() : null);
            intent.writeToParcel(data, 0);
            data.writeString(resolvedType);
            data.writeTypedArray(grantedUriPermissions, 0);
            data.writeInt(grantedMode);
            data.writeStrongBinder(resultTo);
            data.writeString(resultWho);
            data.writeInt(requestCode);
            data.writeInt(onlyIfNeeded ? 1 : 0);
            data.writeInt(debug ? 1 : 0);
            mRemote.transact(START_ACTIVITY_TRANSACTION, data, reply, 0);
            reply.readException();
            int result = reply.readInt();
            reply.recycle();
            data.recycle();
            return result;
        }

        ......

    }

这里的参数比较多,我们先整理一下。从上面的调用可以知道,这里的参数resolvedType、grantedUriPermissions和resultWho均为null;参数caller为ApplicationThread类型的Binder实体;参数resultTo为一个Binder实体的远程接口,我们先不关注它;参数grantedMode为0,我们也先不关注它;参数requestCode为-1;参数onlyIfNeeded和debug均空false。

Step 6. ActivityManagerService.startActivity

上一步Step 5通过Binder驱动程序就进入到ActivityManagerService的startActivity函数来了,它定义在frameworks/base/services/java/com/android/server/am/ActivityManagerService.java文件中:

public final class ActivityManagerService extends ActivityManagerNative
            implements Watchdog.Monitor, BatteryStatsImpl.BatteryCallback {

        ......

        public final int startActivity(IApplicationThread caller,
                Intent intent, String resolvedType, Uri[] grantedUriPermissions,
                int grantedMode, IBinder resultTo,
                String resultWho, int requestCode, boolean onlyIfNeeded,
                boolean debug) {
            return mMainStack.startActivityMayWait(caller, intent, resolvedType,
                grantedUriPermissions, grantedMode, resultTo, resultWho,
                requestCode, onlyIfNeeded, debug, null, null);
        }

        ......

    }

这里只是简单地将操作转发给成员变量mMainStack的startActivityMayWait函数,这里的mMainStack的类型为ActivityStack。

Step 7. ActivityStack.startActivityMayWait

这个函数定义在frameworks/base/services/java/com/android/server/am/ActivityStack.java文件中:

public class ActivityStack {

        ......

        final int startActivityMayWait(IApplicationThread caller,
                Intent intent, String resolvedType, Uri[] grantedUriPermissions,
                int grantedMode, IBinder resultTo,
                String resultWho, int requestCode, boolean onlyIfNeeded,
                boolean debug, WaitResult outResult, Configuration config) {

            ......

            boolean componentSpecified = intent.getComponent() != null;

            // Don't modify the client's object!
            intent = new Intent(intent);

            // Collect information about the target of the Intent.
            ActivityInfo aInfo;
            try {
                ResolveInfo rInfo =
                    AppGlobals.getPackageManager().resolveIntent(
                    intent, resolvedType,
                    PackageManager.MATCH_DEFAULT_ONLY
                    | ActivityManagerService.STOCK_PM_FLAGS);
                aInfo = rInfo != null ? rInfo.activityInfo : null;
            } catch (RemoteException e) {
                ......
            }

            if (aInfo != null) {
                // Store the found target back into the intent, because now that
                // we have it we never want to do this again.  For example, if the
                // user navigates back to this point in the history, we should
                // always restart the exact same activity.
                intent.setComponent(new ComponentName(
                    aInfo.applicationInfo.packageName, aInfo.name));
                ......
            }

            synchronized (mService) {
                int callingPid;
                int callingUid;
                if (caller == null) {
                    ......
                } else {
                    callingPid = callingUid = -1;
                }

                mConfigWillChange = config != null
                    && mService.mConfiguration.diff(config) != 0;

                ......

                if (mMainStack && aInfo != null &&
                    (aInfo.applicationInfo.flags&ApplicationInfo.FLAG_CANT_SAVE_STATE) != 0) {

                          ......

                }

                int res = startActivityLocked(caller, intent, resolvedType,
                    grantedUriPermissions, grantedMode, aInfo,
                    resultTo, resultWho, requestCode, callingPid, callingUid,
                    onlyIfNeeded, componentSpecified);

                if (mConfigWillChange && mMainStack) {
                    ......
                }

                ......

                if (outResult != null) {
                    ......
                }

                return res;
            }

        }

        ......

    }

注意,从Step 6传下来的参数outResult和config均为null,此外,表达式(aInfo.applicationInfo.flags&ApplicationInfo.FLAG_CANT_SAVE_STATE) != 0为false,因此,这里忽略了无关代码。

下面语句对参数intent的内容进行解析,得到MainActivity的相关信息,保存在aInfo变量中:

    ActivityInfo aInfo;
        try {
        ResolveInfo rInfo =
        AppGlobals.getPackageManager().resolveIntent(
            intent, resolvedType,
            PackageManager.MATCH_DEFAULT_ONLY
            | ActivityManagerService.STOCK_PM_FLAGS);
        aInfo = rInfo != null ? rInfo.activityInfo : null;
        } catch (RemoteException e) {
            ......
        }

解析之后,得到的aInfo.applicationInfo.packageName的值为"shy.luo.activity",aInfo.name的值为"shy.luo.activity.MainActivity",这是在这个实例的配置文件AndroidManifest.xml里面配置的。

此外,函数开始的地方调用intent.getComponent()函数的返回值不为null,因此,这里的componentSpecified变量为true。

接下去就调用startActivityLocked进一步处理了。

Step 8. ActivityStack.startActivityLocked

这个函数定义在frameworks/base/services/java/com/android/server/am/ActivityStack.java文件中:

public class ActivityStack {

        ......

        final int startActivityLocked(IApplicationThread caller,
                Intent intent, String resolvedType,
                Uri[] grantedUriPermissions,
                int grantedMode, ActivityInfo aInfo, IBinder resultTo,
                    String resultWho, int requestCode,
                int callingPid, int callingUid, boolean onlyIfNeeded,
                boolean componentSpecified) {
                int err = START_SUCCESS;

            ProcessRecord callerApp = null;
            if (caller != null) {
                callerApp = mService.getRecordForAppLocked(caller);
                if (callerApp != null) {
                    callingPid = callerApp.pid;
                    callingUid = callerApp.info.uid;
                } else {
                    ......
                }
            }

            ......

            ActivityRecord sourceRecord = null;
            ActivityRecord resultRecord = null;
            if (resultTo != null) {
                int index = indexOfTokenLocked(resultTo);

                ......

                if (index >= 0) {
                    sourceRecord = (ActivityRecord)mHistory.get(index);
                    if (requestCode >= 0 && !sourceRecord.finishing) {
                        ......
                    }
                }
            }

            int launchFlags = intent.getFlags();

            if ((launchFlags&Intent.FLAG_ACTIVITY_FORWARD_RESULT) != 0
                && sourceRecord != null) {
                ......
            }

            if (err == START_SUCCESS && intent.getComponent() == null) {
                ......
            }

            if (err == START_SUCCESS && aInfo == null) {
                ......
            }

            if (err != START_SUCCESS) {
                ......
            }

            ......

            ActivityRecord r = new ActivityRecord(mService, this, callerApp, callingUid,
                intent, resolvedType, aInfo, mService.mConfiguration,
                resultRecord, resultWho, requestCode, componentSpecified);

            ......

            return startActivityUncheckedLocked(r, sourceRecord,
                grantedUriPermissions, grantedMode, onlyIfNeeded, true);
        }

        ......

    }

从传进来的参数caller得到调用者的进程信息,并保存在callerApp变量中,这里就是Launcher应用程序的进程信息了。

前面说过,参数resultTo是Launcher这个Activity里面的一个Binder对象,通过它可以获得Launcher这个Activity的相关信息,保存在sourceRecord变量中。 再接下来,创建即将要启动的Activity的相关信息,并保存在r变量中:

ActivityRecord r = new ActivityRecord(mService, this, callerApp, callingUid,
        intent, resolvedType, aInfo, mService.mConfiguration,
        resultRecord, resultWho, requestCode, componentSpecified);

接着调用startActivityUncheckedLocked函数进行下一步操作。

Step 9. ActivityStack.startActivityUncheckedLocked

这个函数定义在frameworks/base/services/java/com/android/server/am/ActivityStack.java文件中:

public class ActivityStack {

        ......

        final int startActivityUncheckedLocked(ActivityRecord r,
            ActivityRecord sourceRecord, Uri[] grantedUriPermissions,
            int grantedMode, boolean onlyIfNeeded, boolean doResume) {
            final Intent intent = r.intent;
            final int callingUid = r.launchedFromUid;

            int launchFlags = intent.getFlags();

            // We'll invoke onUserLeaving before onPause only if the launching
            // activity did not explicitly state that this is an automated launch.
            mUserLeaving = (launchFlags&Intent.FLAG_ACTIVITY_NO_USER_ACTION) == 0;

            ......

            ActivityRecord notTop = (launchFlags&Intent.FLAG_ACTIVITY_PREVIOUS_IS_TOP)
                != 0 ? r : null;

            // If the onlyIfNeeded flag is set, then we can do this if the activity
            // being launched is the same as the one making the call...  or, as
            // a special case, if we do not know the caller then we count the
            // current top activity as the caller.
            if (onlyIfNeeded) {
                ......
            }

            if (sourceRecord == null) {
                ......
            } else if (sourceRecord.launchMode == ActivityInfo.LAUNCH_SINGLE_INSTANCE) {
                ......
            } else if (r.launchMode == ActivityInfo.LAUNCH_SINGLE_INSTANCE
                || r.launchMode == ActivityInfo.LAUNCH_SINGLE_TASK) {
                ......
            }

            if (r.resultTo != null && (launchFlags&Intent.FLAG_ACTIVITY_NEW_TASK) != 0) {
                ......
            }

            boolean addingToTask = false;
            if (((launchFlags&Intent.FLAG_ACTIVITY_NEW_TASK) != 0 &&
                (launchFlags&Intent.FLAG_ACTIVITY_MULTIPLE_TASK) == 0)
                || r.launchMode == ActivityInfo.LAUNCH_SINGLE_TASK
                || r.launchMode == ActivityInfo.LAUNCH_SINGLE_INSTANCE) {
                    // If bring to front is requested, and no result is requested, and
                    // we can find a task that was started with this same
                    // component, then instead of launching bring that one to the front.
                    if (r.resultTo == null) {
                        // See if there is a task to bring to the front.  If this is
                        // a SINGLE_INSTANCE activity, there can be one and only one
                        // instance of it in the history, and it is always in its own
                        // unique task, so we do a special search.
                        ActivityRecord taskTop = r.launchMode != ActivityInfo.LAUNCH_SINGLE_INSTANCE
                            ? findTaskLocked(intent, r.info)
                            : findActivityLocked(intent, r.info);
                        if (taskTop != null) {
                            ......
                        }
                    }
            }

            ......

            if (r.packageName != null) {
                // If the activity being launched is the same as the one currently
                // at the top, then we need to check if it should only be launched
                // once.
                ActivityRecord top = topRunningNonDelayedActivityLocked(notTop);
                if (top != null && r.resultTo == null) {
                    if (top.realActivity.equals(r.realActivity)) {
                        ......
                    }
                }

            } else {
                ......
            }

            boolean newTask = false;

            // Should this be considered a new task?
            if (r.resultTo == null && !addingToTask
                && (launchFlags&Intent.FLAG_ACTIVITY_NEW_TASK) != 0) {
                    // todo: should do better management of integers.
                    mService.mCurTask++;
                    if (mService.mCurTask <= 0) {
                        mService.mCurTask = 1;
                    }
                    r.task = new TaskRecord(mService.mCurTask, r.info, intent,
                        (r.info.flags&ActivityInfo.FLAG_CLEAR_TASK_ON_LAUNCH) != 0);
                    ......
                    newTask = true;
                    if (mMainStack) {
                        mService.addRecentTaskLocked(r.task);
                    }

            } else if (sourceRecord != null) {
                ......
            } else {
                ......
            }

            ......

            startActivityLocked(r, newTask, doResume);
            return START_SUCCESS;
        }

        ......

    }

函数首先获得intent的标志值,保存在launchFlags变量中。

这个intent的标志值的位Intent.FLAG_ACTIVITY_NO_USER_ACTION没有置位,因此 ,成员变量mUserLeaving的值为true。

这个intent的标志值的位Intent.FLAG_ACTIVITY_PREVIOUS_IS_TOP也没有置位,因此,变量notTop的值为null。

由于在这个例子的AndroidManifest.xml文件中,MainActivity没有配置launchMode属值,因此,这里的r.launchMode为默认值0,表示以标准(Standard,或者称为ActivityInfo.LAUNCH_MULTIPLE)的方式来启动这个Activity。Activity的启动方式有四种,其余三种分别是ActivityInfo.LAUNCH_SINGLE_INSTANCE、ActivityInfo.LAUNCH_SINGLE_TASK和ActivityInfo.LAUNCH_SINGLE_TOP,具体可以参考官方网站http://developer.android.com/reference/android/content/pm/ActivityInfo.html

传进来的参数r.resultTo为null,表示Launcher不需要等这个即将要启动的MainActivity的执行结果。

由于这个intent的标志值的位Intent.FLAG_ACTIVITY_NEW_TASK被置位,而且Intent.FLAG_ACTIVITY_MULTIPLE_TASK没有置位,因此,下面的if语句会被执行:

    if (((launchFlags&Intent.FLAG_ACTIVITY_NEW_TASK) != 0 &&
        (launchFlags&Intent.FLAG_ACTIVITY_MULTIPLE_TASK) == 0)
        || r.launchMode == ActivityInfo.LAUNCH_SINGLE_TASK
        || r.launchMode == ActivityInfo.LAUNCH_SINGLE_INSTANCE) {
            // If bring to front is requested, and no result is requested, and
            // we can find a task that was started with this same
            // component, then instead of launching bring that one to the front.
            if (r.resultTo == null) {
                // See if there is a task to bring to the front.  If this is
                // a SINGLE_INSTANCE activity, there can be one and only one
                // instance of it in the history, and it is always in its own
                // unique task, so we do a special search.
                ActivityRecord taskTop = r.launchMode != ActivityInfo.LAUNCH_SINGLE_INSTANCE
                    ? findTaskLocked(intent, r.info)
                    : findActivityLocked(intent, r.info);
                if (taskTop != null) {
                    ......
                }
            }
        }

这段代码的逻辑是查看一下,当前有没有Task可以用来执行这个Activity。由于r.launchMode的值不为ActivityInfo.LAUNCH_SINGLE_INSTANCE,因此,它通过findTaskLocked函数来查找存不存这样的Task,这里返回的结果是null,即taskTop为null,因此,需要创建一个新的Task来启动这个Activity。

接着往下看:

    if (r.packageName != null) {
        // If the activity being launched is the same as the one currently
        // at the top, then we need to check if it should only be launched
        // once.
        ActivityRecord top = topRunningNonDelayedActivityLocked(notTop);
        if (top != null && r.resultTo == null) {
            if (top.realActivity.equals(r.realActivity)) {
                ......
            }
        }

        } 

这段代码的逻辑是看一下,当前在堆栈顶端的Activity是否就是即将要启动的Activity,有些情况下,如果即将要启动的Activity就在堆栈的顶端,那么,就不会重新启动这个Activity的别一个实例了,具体可以参考官方网站http://developer.android.com/reference/android/content/pm/ActivityInfo.html。现在处理堆栈顶端的Activity是Launcher,与我们即将要启动的MainActivity不是同一个Activity,因此,这里不用进一步处理上述介绍的情况。

执行到这里,我们知道,要在一个新的Task里面来启动这个Activity了,于是新创建一个Task:

   if (r.resultTo == null && !addingToTask
        && (launchFlags&Intent.FLAG_ACTIVITY_NEW_TASK) != 0) {
        // todo: should do better management of integers.
        mService.mCurTask++;
        if (mService.mCurTask <= 0) {
            mService.mCurTask = 1;
        }
        r.task = new TaskRecord(mService.mCurTask, r.info, intent,
            (r.info.flags&ActivityInfo.FLAG_CLEAR_TASK_ON_LAUNCH) != 0);
        ......
        newTask = true;
        if (mMainStack) {
            mService.addRecentTaskLocked(r.task);
        }

        }

新建的Task保存在r.task域中,同时,添加到mService中去,这里的mService就是ActivityManagerService了。

最后就进入startActivityLocked(r, newTask, doResume)进一步处理了。这个函数定义在frameworks/base/services/java/com/android/server/am/ActivityStack.java文件中:

public class ActivityStack {

        ......

        private final void startActivityLocked(ActivityRecord r, boolean newTask,
                boolean doResume) {
            final int NH = mHistory.size();

            int addPos = -1;

            if (!newTask) {
                ......
            }

            // Place a new activity at top of stack, so it is next to interact
            // with the user.
            if (addPos < 0) {
                addPos = NH;
            }

            // If we are not placing the new activity frontmost, we do not want
            // to deliver the onUserLeaving callback to the actual frontmost
            // activity
            if (addPos < NH) {
                ......
            }

            // Slot the activity into the history stack and proceed
            mHistory.add(addPos, r);
            r.inHistory = true;
            r.frontOfTask = newTask;
            r.task.numActivities++;
            if (NH > 0) {
                // We want to show the starting preview window if we are
                // switching to a new task, or the next activity's process is
                // not currently running.
                ......
            } else {
                // If this is the first activity, don't do any fancy animations,
                // because there is nothing for it to animate on top of.
                ......
            }

            ......

            if (doResume) {
                resumeTopActivityLocked(null);
            }
        }

        ......

    }

这里的NH表示当前系统中历史任务的个数,这里肯定是大于0,因为Launcher已经跑起来了。当NH>0时,并且现在要切换新任务时,要做一些任务切的界面操作,这段代码我们就不看了,这里不会影响到下面启Activity的过程,有兴趣的读取可以自己研究一下。

这里传进来的参数doResume为true,于是调用resumeTopActivityLocked进一步操作。

Step 10. Activity.resumeTopActivityLocked

这个函数定义在frameworks/base/services/java/com/android/server/am/ActivityStack.java文件中:

public class ActivityStack {

        ......

        /**
        * Ensure that the top activity in the stack is resumed.
        *
        * @param prev The previously resumed activity, for when in the process
        * of pausing; can be null to call from elsewhere.
        *
        * @return Returns true if something is being resumed, or false if
        * nothing happened.
        */
        final boolean resumeTopActivityLocked(ActivityRecord prev) {
            // Find the first activity that is not finishing.
            ActivityRecord next = topRunningActivityLocked(null);

            // Remember how we'll process this pause/resume situation, and ensure
            // that the state is reset however we wind up proceeding.
            final boolean userLeaving = mUserLeaving;
            mUserLeaving = false;

            if (next == null) {
                ......
            }

            next.delayedResume = false;

            // If the top activity is the resumed one, nothing to do.
            if (mResumedActivity == next && next.state == ActivityState.RESUMED) {
                ......
            }

            // If we are sleeping, and there is no resumed activity, and the top
            // activity is paused, well that is the state we want.
            if ((mService.mSleeping || mService.mShuttingDown)
                && mLastPausedActivity == next && next.state == ActivityState.PAUSED) {
                ......
            }

            ......

            // If we are currently pausing an activity, then don't do anything
            // until that is done.
            if (mPausingActivity != null) {
                ......
            }

            ......

            // We need to start pausing the current activity so the top one
            // can be resumed...
            if (mResumedActivity != null) {
                ......
                startPausingLocked(userLeaving, false);
                return true;
            }

            ......
        }

        ......

    }

函数先通过调用topRunningActivityLocked函数获得堆栈顶端的Activity,这里就是MainActivity了,这是在上面的Step 9设置好的,保存在next变量中。

接下来把mUserLeaving的保存在本地变量userLeaving中,然后重新设置为false,在上面的Step 9中,mUserLeaving的值为true,因此,这里的userLeaving为true。

这里的mResumedActivity为Launcher,因为Launcher是当前正被执行的Activity。

当我们处理休眠状态时,mLastPausedActivity保存堆栈顶端的Activity,因为当前不是休眠状态,所以mLastPausedActivity为null。

有了这些信息之后,下面的语句就容易理解了:

    // If the top activity is the resumed one, nothing to do.
        if (mResumedActivity == next && next.state == ActivityState.RESUMED) {
        ......
        }

        // If we are sleeping, and there is no resumed activity, and the top
        // activity is paused, well that is the state we want.
        if ((mService.mSleeping || mService.mShuttingDown)
        && mLastPausedActivity == next && next.state == ActivityState.PAUSED) {
        ......
        }

它首先看要启动的Activity是否就是当前处理Resumed状态的Activity,如果是的话,那就什么都不用做,直接返回就可以了;否则再看一下系统当前是否休眠状态,如果是的话,再看看要启动的Activity是否就是当前处于堆栈顶端的Activity,如果是的话,也是什么都不用做。

上面两个条件都不满足,因此,在继续往下执行之前,首先要把当处于Resumed状态的Activity推入Paused状态,然后才可以启动新的Activity。但是在将当前这个Resumed状态的Activity推入Paused状态之前,首先要看一下当前是否有Activity正在进入Pausing状态,如果有的话,当前这个Resumed状态的Activity就要稍后才能进入Paused状态了,这样就保证了所有需要进入Paused状态的Activity串行处理。

这里没有处于Pausing状态的Activity,即mPausingActivity为null,而且mResumedActivity也不为null,于是就调用startPausingLocked函数把Launcher推入Paused状态去了。

Step 11. ActivityStack.startPausingLocked

这个函数定义在frameworks/base/services/java/com/android/server/am/ActivityStack.java文件中:

public class ActivityStack {

        ......

        private final void startPausingLocked(boolean userLeaving, boolean uiSleeping) {
            if (mPausingActivity != null) {
                ......
            }
            ActivityRecord prev = mResumedActivity;
            if (prev == null) {
                ......
            }
            ......
            mResumedActivity = null;
            mPausingActivity = prev;
            mLastPausedActivity = prev;
            prev.state = ActivityState.PAUSING;
            ......

            if (prev.app != null && prev.app.thread != null) {
                ......
                try {
                    ......
                    prev.app.thread.schedulePauseActivity(prev, prev.finishing, userLeaving,
                        prev.configChangeFlags);
                    ......
                } catch (Exception e) {
                    ......
                }
            } else {
                ......
            }

            ......

        }

        ......

    }

函数首先把mResumedActivity保存在本地变量prev中。在上一步Step 10中,说到mResumedActivity就是Launcher,因此,这里把Launcher进程中的ApplicationThread对象取出来,通过它来通知Launcher这个Activity它要进入Paused状态了。当然,这里的prev.app.thread是一个ApplicationThread对象的远程接口,通过调用这个远程接口的schedulePauseActivity来通知Launcher进入Paused状态。

参数prev.finishing表示prev所代表的Activity是否正在等待结束的Activity列表中,由于Laucher这个Activity还没结束,所以这里为false;参数prev.configChangeFlags表示哪些config发生了变化,这里我们不关心它的值。

Step 12. ApplicationThreadProxy.schedulePauseActivity

这个函数定义在frameworks/base/core/java/android/app/ApplicationThreadNative.java文件中:

class ApplicationThreadProxy implements IApplicationThread {

        ......

        public final void schedulePauseActivity(IBinder token, boolean finished,
        boolean userLeaving, int configChanges) throws RemoteException {
            Parcel data = Parcel.obtain();
            data.writeInterfaceToken(IApplicationThread.descriptor);
            data.writeStrongBinder(token);
            data.writeInt(finished ? 1 : 0);
            data.writeInt(userLeaving ? 1 :0);
            data.writeInt(configChanges);
            mRemote.transact(SCHEDULE_PAUSE_ACTIVITY_TRANSACTION, data, null,
                IBinder.FLAG_ONEWAY);
            data.recycle();
        }

        ......

    }

这个函数通过Binder进程间通信机制进入到ApplicationThread.schedulePauseActivity函数中。

Step 13. ApplicationThread.schedulePauseActivity

这个函数定义在frameworks/base/core/java/android/app/ActivityThread.java文件中,它是ActivityThread的内部类:

public final class ActivityThread {

        ......

        private final class ApplicationThread extends ApplicationThreadNative {

            ......

            public final void schedulePauseActivity(IBinder token, boolean finished,
                    boolean userLeaving, int configChanges) {
                queueOrSendMessage(
                    finished ? H.PAUSE_ACTIVITY_FINISHING : H.PAUSE_ACTIVITY,
                    token,
                    (userLeaving ? 1 : 0),
                    configChanges);
            }

            ......

        }

        ......

    }

这里调用的函数queueOrSendMessage是ActivityThread类的成员函数。

上面说到,这里的finished值为false,因此,queueOrSendMessage的第一个参数值为H.PAUSE_ACTIVITY,表示要暂停token所代表的Activity,即Launcher。

Step 14. ActivityThread.queueOrSendMessage

这个函数定义在frameworks/base/core/java/android/app/ActivityThread.java文件中:

public final class ActivityThread {

        ......

        private final void queueOrSendMessage(int what, Object obj, int arg1) {
            queueOrSendMessage(what, obj, arg1, 0);
        }

        private final void queueOrSendMessage(int what, Object obj, int arg1, int arg2) {
            synchronized (this) {
                ......
                Message msg = Message.obtain();
                msg.what = what;
                msg.obj = obj;
                msg.arg1 = arg1;
                msg.arg2 = arg2;
                mH.sendMessage(msg);
            }
        }

        ......

    }

这里首先将相关信息组装成一个msg,然后通过mH成员变量发送出去,mH的类型是H,继承于Handler类,是ActivityThread的内部类,因此,这个消息最后由H.handleMessage来处理。

Step 15. H.handleMessage

这个函数定义在frameworks/base/core/java/android/app/ActivityThread.java文件中:

public final class ActivityThread {

        ......

        private final class H extends Handler {

            ......

            public void handleMessage(Message msg) {
                ......
                switch (msg.what) {

                ......

                case PAUSE_ACTIVITY:
                    handlePauseActivity((IBinder)msg.obj, false, msg.arg1 != 0, msg.arg2);
                    maybeSnapshot();
                    break;

                ......

                }
            ......

        }

        ......

    }

这里调用ActivityThread.handlePauseActivity进一步操作,msg.obj是一个ActivityRecord对象的引用,它代表的是Launcher这个Activity。 Step 16. ActivityThread.handlePauseActivity

这个函数定义在frameworks/base/core/java/android/app/ActivityThread.java文件中:

public final class ActivityThread {

        ......

        private final void handlePauseActivity(IBinder token, boolean finished,
                boolean userLeaving, int configChanges) {

            ActivityClientRecord r = mActivities.get(token);
            if (r != null) {
                //Slog.v(TAG, "userLeaving=" + userLeaving + " handling pause of " + r);
                if (userLeaving) {
                    performUserLeavingActivity(r);
                }

                r.activity.mConfigChangeFlags |= configChanges;
                Bundle state = performPauseActivity(token, finished, true);

                // Make sure any pending writes are now committed.
                QueuedWork.waitToFinish();

                // Tell the activity manager we have paused.
                try {
                    ActivityManagerNative.getDefault().activityPaused(token, state);
                } catch (RemoteException ex) {
                }
            }
        }

        ......

    }

函数首先将Binder引用token转换成ActivityRecord的远程接口ActivityClientRecord,然后做了三个事情:1. 如果userLeaving为true,则通过调用performUserLeavingActivity函数来调用Activity.onUserLeaveHint通知Activity,用户要离开它了;2. 调用performPauseActivity函数来调用Activity.onPause函数,我们知道,在Activity的生命周期中,当它要让位于其它的Activity时,系统就会调用它的onPause函数;3. 它通知ActivityManagerService,这个Activity已经进入Paused状态了,ActivityManagerService现在可以完成未竟的事情,即启动MainActivity了。

Step 17. ActivityManagerProxy.activityPaused

这个函数定义在frameworks/base/core/java/android/app/ActivityManagerNative.java文件中:

class ActivityManagerProxy implements IActivityManager
    {
        ......

        public void activityPaused(IBinder token, Bundle state) throws RemoteException
        {
            Parcel data = Parcel.obtain();
            Parcel reply = Parcel.obtain();
            data.writeInterfaceToken(IActivityManager.descriptor);
            data.writeStrongBinder(token);
            data.writeBundle(state);
            mRemote.transact(ACTIVITY_PAUSED_TRANSACTION, data, reply, 0);
            reply.readException();
            data.recycle();
            reply.recycle();
        }

        ......

    }

这里通过Binder进程间通信机制就进入到ActivityManagerService.activityPaused函数中去了。

Step 18. ActivityManagerService.activityPaused

这个函数定义在frameworks/base/services/java/com/android/server/am/ActivityManagerService.java文件中:

public final class ActivityManagerService extends ActivityManagerNative
                implements Watchdog.Monitor, BatteryStatsImpl.BatteryCallback {
        ......

        public final void activityPaused(IBinder token, Bundle icicle) {

            ......

            final long origId = Binder.clearCallingIdentity();
            mMainStack.activityPaused(token, icicle, false);

            ......
        }

        ......

    }

这里,又再次进入到ActivityStack类中,执行activityPaused函数。

Step 19. ActivityStack.activityPaused

这个函数定义在frameworks/base/services/java/com/android/server/am/ActivityStack.java文件中:

public class ActivityStack {

        ......

        final void activityPaused(IBinder token, Bundle icicle, boolean timeout) {

            ......

            ActivityRecord r = null;

            synchronized (mService) {
                int index = indexOfTokenLocked(token);
                if (index >= 0) {
                    r = (ActivityRecord)mHistory.get(index);
                    if (!timeout) {
                        r.icicle = icicle;
                        r.haveState = true;
                    }
                    mHandler.removeMessages(PAUSE_TIMEOUT_MSG, r);
                    if (mPausingActivity == r) {
                        r.state = ActivityState.PAUSED;
                        completePauseLocked();
                    } else {
                        ......
                    }
                }
            }
        }

        ......

    }

这里通过参数token在mHistory列表中得到ActivityRecord,从上面我们知道,这个ActivityRecord代表的是Launcher这个Activity,而我们在Step 11中,把Launcher这个Activity的信息保存在mPausingActivity中,因此,这里mPausingActivity等于r,于是,执行completePauseLocked操作。

Step 20. ActivityStack.completePauseLocked

这个函数定义在frameworks/base/services/java/com/android/server/am/ActivityStack.java文件中:

public class ActivityStack {

        ......

        private final void completePauseLocked() {
            ActivityRecord prev = mPausingActivity;

            ......

            if (prev != null) {

                ......

                mPausingActivity = null;
            }

            if (!mService.mSleeping && !mService.mShuttingDown) {
                resumeTopActivityLocked(prev);
            } else {
                ......
            }

            ......
        }

        ......

    }

函数首先把mPausingActivity变量清空,因为现在不需要它了,然后调用resumeTopActivityLokced进一步操作,它传入的参数即为代表Launcher这个Activity的ActivityRecord。

Step 21. ActivityStack.resumeTopActivityLokced 这个函数定义在frameworks/base/services/java/com/android/server/am/ActivityStack.java文件中:

public class ActivityStack {

        ......

        final boolean resumeTopActivityLocked(ActivityRecord prev) {
            ......

            // Find the first activity that is not finishing.
            ActivityRecord next = topRunningActivityLocked(null);

            // Remember how we'll process this pause/resume situation, and ensure
            // that the state is reset however we wind up proceeding.
            final boolean userLeaving = mUserLeaving;
            mUserLeaving = false;

            ......

            next.delayedResume = false;

            // If the top activity is the resumed one, nothing to do.
            if (mResumedActivity == next && next.state == ActivityState.RESUMED) {
                ......
                return false;
            }

            // If we are sleeping, and there is no resumed activity, and the top
            // activity is paused, well that is the state we want.
            if ((mService.mSleeping || mService.mShuttingDown)
                && mLastPausedActivity == next && next.state == ActivityState.PAUSED) {
                ......
                return false;
            }

            .......

            // We need to start pausing the current activity so the top one
            // can be resumed...
            if (mResumedActivity != null) {
                ......
                return true;
            }

            ......

            if (next.app != null && next.app.thread != null) {
                ......

            } else {
                ......
                startSpecificActivityLocked(next, true, true);
            }

            return true;
        }

        ......

    }

通过上面的Step 9,我们知道,当前在堆栈顶端的Activity为我们即将要启动的MainActivity,这里通过调用topRunningActivityLocked将它取回来,保存在next变量中。之前最后一个Resumed状态的Activity,即Launcher,到了这里已经处于Paused状态了,因此,mResumedActivity为null。最后一个处于Paused状态的Activity为Launcher,因此,这里的mLastPausedActivity就为Launcher。前面我们为MainActivity创建了ActivityRecord后,它的app域一直保持为null。有了这些信息后,上面这段代码就容易理解了,它最终调用startSpecificActivityLocked进行下一步操作。

Step 22. ActivityStack.startSpecificActivityLocked 这个函数定义在frameworks/base/services/java/com/android/server/am/ActivityStack.java文件中:

public class ActivityStack {

        ......

        private final void startSpecificActivityLocked(ActivityRecord r,
                boolean andResume, boolean checkConfig) {
            // Is this activity's application already running?
            ProcessRecord app = mService.getProcessRecordLocked(r.processName,
                r.info.applicationInfo.uid);

            ......

            if (app != null && app.thread != null) {
                try {
                    realStartActivityLocked(r, app, andResume, checkConfig);
                    return;
                } catch (RemoteException e) {
                    ......
                }
            }

            mService.startProcessLocked(r.processName, r.info.applicationInfo, true, 0,
                "activity", r.intent.getComponent(), false);
        }

        ......

    }

注意,这里由于是第一次启动应用程序的Activity,所以下面语句:

ProcessRecord app = mService.getProcessRecordLocked(r.processName,
        r.info.applicationInfo.uid);

取回来的app为null。在Activity应用程序中的AndroidManifest.xml配置文件中,我们没有指定Application标签的process属性,系统就会默认使用package的名称,这里就是"shy.luo.activity"了。每一个应用程序都有自己的uid,因此,这里uid + process的组合就可以为每一个应用程序创建一个ProcessRecord。当然,我们可以配置两个应用程序具有相同的uid和package,或者在AndroidManifest.xml配置文件的application标签或者activity标签中显式指定相同的process属性值,这样,不同的应用程序也可以在同一个进程中启动。

函数最终执行ActivityManagerService.startProcessLocked函数进行下一步操作。

Step 23. ActivityManagerService.startProcessLocked

这个函数定义在frameworks/base/services/java/com/android/server/am/ActivityManagerService.java文件中:

public final class ActivityManagerService extends ActivityManagerNative
            implements Watchdog.Monitor, BatteryStatsImpl.BatteryCallback {

        ......

        final ProcessRecord startProcessLocked(String processName,
                ApplicationInfo info, boolean knownToBeDead, int intentFlags,
                String hostingType, ComponentName hostingName, boolean allowWhileBooting) {

            ProcessRecord app = getProcessRecordLocked(processName, info.uid);

            ......

            String hostingNameStr = hostingName != null
                ? hostingName.flattenToShortString() : null;

            ......

            if (app == null) {
                app = new ProcessRecordLocked(null, info, processName);
                mProcessNames.put(processName, info.uid, app);
            } else {
                // If this is a new package in the process, add the package to the list
                app.addPackage(info.packageName);
            }

            ......

            startProcessLocked(app, hostingType, hostingNameStr);
            return (app.pid != 0) ? app : null;
        }

        ......

    }

这里再次检查是否已经有以process + uid命名的进程存在,在我们这个情景中,返回值app为null,因此,后面会创建一个ProcessRecord,并存保存在成员变量mProcessNames中,最后,调用另一个startProcessLocked函数进一步操作:

public final class ActivityManagerService extends ActivityManagerNative
            implements Watchdog.Monitor, BatteryStatsImpl.BatteryCallback {

        ......

        private final void startProcessLocked(ProcessRecord app,
                    String hostingType, String hostingNameStr) {

            ......

            try {
                int uid = app.info.uid;
                int[] gids = null;
                try {
                    gids = mContext.getPackageManager().getPackageGids(
                        app.info.packageName);
                } catch (PackageManager.NameNotFoundException e) {
                    ......
                }

                ......

                int debugFlags = 0;

                ......

                int pid = Process.start("android.app.ActivityThread",
                    mSimpleProcessManagement ? app.processName : null, uid, uid,
                    gids, debugFlags, null);

                ......

            } catch (RuntimeException e) {

                ......

            }
        }

        ......

    }

这里主要是调用Process.start接口来创建一个新的进程,新的进程会导入android.app.ActivityThread类,并且执行它的main函数,这就是为什么我们前面说每一个应用程序都有一个ActivityThread实例来对应的原因。

Step 24. ActivityThread.main

这个函数定义在frameworks/base/core/java/android/app/ActivityThread.java文件中:

public final class ActivityThread {

        ......

        private final void attach(boolean system) {
            ......

            mSystemThread = system;
            if (!system) {

                ......

                IActivityManager mgr = ActivityManagerNative.getDefault();
                try {
                    mgr.attachApplication(mAppThread);
                } catch (RemoteException ex) {
                }
            } else {

                ......

            }
        }

        ......

        public static final void main(String[] args) {

            .......

            ActivityThread thread = new ActivityThread();
            thread.attach(false);

            ......

            Looper.loop();

            .......

            thread.detach();

            ......
        }
    }

这个函数在进程中创建一个ActivityThread实例,然后调用它的attach函数,接着就进入消息循环了,直到最后进程退出。

函数attach最终调用了ActivityManagerService的远程接口ActivityManagerProxy的attachApplication函数,传入的参数是mAppThread,这是一个ApplicationThread类型的Binder对象,它的作用是用来进行进程间通信的。

Step 25. ActivityManagerProxy.attachApplication

这个函数定义在frameworks/base/core/java/android/app/ActivityManagerNative.java文件中:

class ActivityManagerProxy implements IActivityManager
    {
        ......

        public void attachApplication(IApplicationThread app) throws RemoteException
        {
            Parcel data = Parcel.obtain();
            Parcel reply = Parcel.obtain();
            data.writeInterfaceToken(IActivityManager.descriptor);
            data.writeStrongBinder(app.asBinder());
            mRemote.transact(ATTACH_APPLICATION_TRANSACTION, data, reply, 0);
            reply.readException();
            data.recycle();
            reply.recycle();
        }

        ......

    }

这里通过Binder驱动程序,最后进入ActivityManagerService的attachApplication函数中。

Step 26. ActivityManagerService.attachApplication

这个函数定义在frameworks/base/services/java/com/android/server/am/ActivityManagerService.java文件中:

public final class ActivityManagerService extends ActivityManagerNative
            implements Watchdog.Monitor, BatteryStatsImpl.BatteryCallback {

        ......

        public final void attachApplication(IApplicationThread thread) {
            synchronized (this) {
                int callingPid = Binder.getCallingPid();
                final long origId = Binder.clearCallingIdentity();
                attachApplicationLocked(thread, callingPid);
                Binder.restoreCallingIdentity(origId);
            }
        }

        ......

    }

这里将操作转发给attachApplicationLocked函数。

Step 27. ActivityManagerService.attachApplicationLocked

这个函数定义在frameworks/base/services/java/com/android/server/am/ActivityManagerService.java文件中:

public final class ActivityManagerService extends ActivityManagerNative
            implements Watchdog.Monitor, BatteryStatsImpl.BatteryCallback {

        ......

        private final boolean attachApplicationLocked(IApplicationThread thread,
                int pid) {
            // Find the application record that is being attached...  either via
            // the pid if we are running in multiple processes, or just pull the
            // next app record if we are emulating process with anonymous threads.
            ProcessRecord app;
            if (pid != MY_PID && pid >= 0) {
                synchronized (mPidsSelfLocked) {
                    app = mPidsSelfLocked.get(pid);
                }
            } else if (mStartingProcesses.size() > 0) {
                ......
            } else {
                ......
            }

            if (app == null) {
                ......
                return false;
            }

            ......

            String processName = app.processName;
            try {
                thread.asBinder().linkToDeath(new AppDeathRecipient(
                    app, pid, thread), 0);
            } catch (RemoteException e) {
                ......
                return false;
            }

            ......

            app.thread = thread;
            app.curAdj = app.setAdj = -100;
            app.curSchedGroup = Process.THREAD_GROUP_DEFAULT;
            app.setSchedGroup = Process.THREAD_GROUP_BG_NONINTERACTIVE;
            app.forcingToForeground = null;
            app.foregroundServices = false;
            app.debugging = false;

            ......

            boolean normalMode = mProcessesReady || isAllowedWhileBooting(app.info);

            ......

            boolean badApp = false;
            boolean didSomething = false;

            // See if the top visible activity is waiting to run in this process...
            ActivityRecord hr = mMainStack.topRunningActivityLocked(null);
            if (hr != null && normalMode) {
                if (hr.app == null && app.info.uid == hr.info.applicationInfo.uid
                    && processName.equals(hr.processName)) {
                        try {
                            if (mMainStack.realStartActivityLocked(hr, app, true, true)) {
                                didSomething = true;
                            }
                        } catch (Exception e) {
                            ......
                        }
                } else {
                    ......
                }
            }

            ......

            return true;
        }

        ......

    }

在前面的Step 23中,已经创建了一个ProcessRecord,这里首先通过pid将它取回来,放在app变量中,然后对app的其它成员进行初始化,最后调用mMainStack.realStartActivityLocked执行真正的Activity启动操作。这里要启动的Activity通过调用mMainStack.topRunningActivityLocked(null)从堆栈顶端取回来,这时候在堆栈顶端的Activity就是MainActivity了。

Step 28. ActivityStack.realStartActivityLocked

这个函数定义在frameworks/base/services/java/com/android/server/am/ActivityStack.java文件中:

public class ActivityStack {

        ......

        final boolean realStartActivityLocked(ActivityRecord r,
                ProcessRecord app, boolean andResume, boolean checkConfig)
                throws RemoteException {

            ......

            r.app = app;

            ......

            int idx = app.activities.indexOf(r);
            if (idx < 0) {
                app.activities.add(r);
            }

            ......

            try {
                ......

                List<ResultInfo> results = null;
                List<Intent> newIntents = null;
                if (andResume) {
                    results = r.results;
                    newIntents = r.newIntents;
                }

                ......

                app.thread.scheduleLaunchActivity(new Intent(r.intent), r,
                    System.identityHashCode(r),
                    r.info, r.icicle, results, newIntents, !andResume,
                    mService.isNextTransitionForward());

                ......

            } catch (RemoteException e) {
                ......
            }

            ......

            return true;
        }

        ......

    }

这里最终通过app.thread进入到ApplicationThreadProxy的scheduleLaunchActivity函数中,注意,这里的第二个参数r,是一个ActivityRecord类型的Binder对象,用来作来这个Activity的token值。

Step 29. ApplicationThreadProxy.scheduleLaunchActivity 这个函数定义在frameworks/base/core/java/android/app/ApplicationThreadNative.java文件中:

class ApplicationThreadProxy implements IApplicationThread {

        ......

        public final void scheduleLaunchActivity(Intent intent, IBinder token, int ident,
                ActivityInfo info, Bundle state, List<ResultInfo> pendingResults,
                List<Intent> pendingNewIntents, boolean notResumed, boolean isForward)
                throws RemoteException {
            Parcel data = Parcel.obtain();
            data.writeInterfaceToken(IApplicationThread.descriptor);
            intent.writeToParcel(data, 0);
            data.writeStrongBinder(token);
            data.writeInt(ident);
            info.writeToParcel(data, 0);
            data.writeBundle(state);
            data.writeTypedList(pendingResults);
            data.writeTypedList(pendingNewIntents);
            data.writeInt(notResumed ? 1 : 0);
            data.writeInt(isForward ? 1 : 0);
            mRemote.transact(SCHEDULE_LAUNCH_ACTIVITY_TRANSACTION, data, null,
                IBinder.FLAG_ONEWAY);
            data.recycle();
        }

        ......

    }

这个函数最终通过Binder驱动程序进入到ApplicationThread的scheduleLaunchActivity函数中。

Step 30. ApplicationThread.scheduleLaunchActivity 这个函数定义在frameworks/base/core/java/android/app/ActivityThread.java文件中:

public final class ActivityThread {

        ......

        private final class ApplicationThread extends ApplicationThreadNative {

            ......

            // we use token to identify this activity without having to send the
            // activity itself back to the activity manager. (matters more with ipc)
            public final void scheduleLaunchActivity(Intent intent, IBinder token, int ident,
                    ActivityInfo info, Bundle state, List<ResultInfo> pendingResults,
                    List<Intent> pendingNewIntents, boolean notResumed, boolean isForward) {
                ActivityClientRecord r = new ActivityClientRecord();

                r.token = token;
                r.ident = ident;
                r.intent = intent;
                r.activityInfo = info;
                r.state = state;

                r.pendingResults = pendingResults;
                r.pendingIntents = pendingNewIntents;

                r.startsNotResumed = notResumed;
                r.isForward = isForward;

                queueOrSendMessage(H.LAUNCH_ACTIVITY, r);
            }

            ......

        }

        ......
    }

函数首先创建一个ActivityClientRecord实例,并且初始化它的成员变量,然后调用ActivityThread类的queueOrSendMessage函数进一步处理。

Step 31. ActivityThread.queueOrSendMessage 这个函数定义在frameworks/base/core/java/android/app/ActivityThread.java文件中:

public final class ActivityThread {

        ......

        private final class ApplicationThread extends ApplicationThreadNative {

            ......

            // if the thread hasn't started yet, we don't have the handler, so just
            // save the messages until we're ready.
            private final void queueOrSendMessage(int what, Object obj) {
                queueOrSendMessage(what, obj, 0, 0);
            }

            ......

            private final void queueOrSendMessage(int what, Object obj, int arg1, int arg2) {
                synchronized (this) {
                    ......
                    Message msg = Message.obtain();
                    msg.what = what;
                    msg.obj = obj;
                    msg.arg1 = arg1;
                    msg.arg2 = arg2;
                    mH.sendMessage(msg);
                }
            }

            ......

        }

        ......
    }

函数把消息内容放在msg中,然后通过mH把消息分发出去,这里的成员变量mH我们在前面已经见过,消息分发出去后,最后会调用H类的handleMessage函数。

Step 32. H.handleMessage

这个函数定义在frameworks/base/core/java/android/app/ActivityThread.java文件中:

public final class ActivityThread {

        ......

        private final class H extends Handler {

            ......

            public void handleMessage(Message msg) {
                ......
                switch (msg.what) {
                case LAUNCH_ACTIVITY: {
                    ActivityClientRecord r = (ActivityClientRecord)msg.obj;

                    r.packageInfo = getPackageInfoNoCheck(
                        r.activityInfo.applicationInfo);
                    handleLaunchActivity(r, null);
                } break;
                ......
                }

            ......

        }

        ......
    }

这里最后调用ActivityThread类的handleLaunchActivity函数进一步处理。

Step 33. ActivityThread.handleLaunchActivity

这个函数定义在frameworks/base/core/java/android/app/ActivityThread.java文件中:

public final class ActivityThread {

        ......

        private final void handleLaunchActivity(ActivityClientRecord r, Intent customIntent) {
            ......

            Activity a = performLaunchActivity(r, customIntent);

            if (a != null) {
                r.createdConfig = new Configuration(mConfiguration);
                Bundle oldState = r.state;
                handleResumeActivity(r.token, false, r.isForward);

                ......
            } else {
                ......
            }
        }

        ......
    }

这里首先调用performLaunchActivity函数来加载这个Activity类,即shy.luo.activity.MainActivity,然后调用它的onCreate函数,最后回到handleLaunchActivity函数时,再调用handleResumeActivity函数来使这个Activity进入Resumed状态,即会调用这个Activity的onResume函数,这是遵循Activity的生命周期的。

Step 34. ActivityThread.performLaunchActivity 这个函数定义在frameworks/base/core/java/android/app/ActivityThread.java文件中:

public final class ActivityThread {

        ......

        private final Activity performLaunchActivity(ActivityClientRecord r, Intent customIntent) {

            ActivityInfo aInfo = r.activityInfo;
            if (r.packageInfo == null) {
                r.packageInfo = getPackageInfo(aInfo.applicationInfo,
                    Context.CONTEXT_INCLUDE_CODE);
            }

            ComponentName component = r.intent.getComponent();
            if (component == null) {
                component = r.intent.resolveActivity(
                    mInitialApplication.getPackageManager());
                r.intent.setComponent(component);
            }

            if (r.activityInfo.targetActivity != null) {
                component = new ComponentName(r.activityInfo.packageName,
                    r.activityInfo.targetActivity);
            }

            Activity activity = null;
            try {
                java.lang.ClassLoader cl = r.packageInfo.getClassLoader();
                activity = mInstrumentation.newActivity(
                    cl, component.getClassName(), r.intent);
                r.intent.setExtrasClassLoader(cl);
                if (r.state != null) {
                    r.state.setClassLoader(cl);
                }
            } catch (Exception e) {
                ......
            }

            try {
                Application app = r.packageInfo.makeApplication(false, mInstrumentation);

                ......

                if (activity != null) {
                    ContextImpl appContext = new ContextImpl();
                    appContext.init(r.packageInfo, r.token, this);
                    appContext.setOuterContext(activity);
                    CharSequence title = r.activityInfo.loadLabel(appContext.getPackageManager());
                    Configuration config = new Configuration(mConfiguration);
                    ......
                    activity.attach(appContext, this, getInstrumentation(), r.token,
                        r.ident, app, r.intent, r.activityInfo, title, r.parent,
                        r.embeddedID, r.lastNonConfigurationInstance,
                        r.lastNonConfigurationChildInstances, config);

                    if (customIntent != null) {
                        activity.mIntent = customIntent;
                    }
                    r.lastNonConfigurationInstance = null;
                    r.lastNonConfigurationChildInstances = null;
                    activity.mStartedActivity = false;
                    int theme = r.activityInfo.getThemeResource();
                    if (theme != 0) {
                        activity.setTheme(theme);
                    }

                    activity.mCalled = false;
                    mInstrumentation.callActivityOnCreate(activity, r.state);
                    ......
                    r.activity = activity;
                    r.stopped = true;
                    if (!r.activity.mFinished) {
                        activity.performStart();
                        r.stopped = false;
                    }
                    if (!r.activity.mFinished) {
                        if (r.state != null) {
                            mInstrumentation.callActivityOnRestoreInstanceState(activity, r.state);
                        }
                    }
                    if (!r.activity.mFinished) {
                        activity.mCalled = false;
                        mInstrumentation.callActivityOnPostCreate(activity, r.state);
                        if (!activity.mCalled) {
                            throw new SuperNotCalledException(
                                "Activity " + r.intent.getComponent().toShortString() +
                                " did not call through to super.onPostCreate()");
                        }
                    }
                }
                r.paused = true;

                mActivities.put(r.token, r);

            } catch (SuperNotCalledException e) {
                ......

            } catch (Exception e) {
                ......
            }

            return activity;
        }

        ......
    }

函数前面是收集要启动的Activity的相关信息,主要package和component信息:

   ActivityInfo aInfo = r.activityInfo;
       if (r.packageInfo == null) {
            r.packageInfo = getPackageInfo(aInfo.applicationInfo,
                    Context.CONTEXT_INCLUDE_CODE);
       }

       ComponentName component = r.intent.getComponent();
       if (component == null) {
           component = r.intent.resolveActivity(
               mInitialApplication.getPackageManager());
           r.intent.setComponent(component);
       }

       if (r.activityInfo.targetActivity != null) {
           component = new ComponentName(r.activityInfo.packageName,
                   r.activityInfo.targetActivity);
       }

然后通过ClassLoader将shy.luo.activity.MainActivity类加载进来:

   Activity activity = null;
       try {
        java.lang.ClassLoader cl = r.packageInfo.getClassLoader();
        activity = mInstrumentation.newActivity(
            cl, component.getClassName(), r.intent);
        r.intent.setExtrasClassLoader(cl);
        if (r.state != null) {
            r.state.setClassLoader(cl);
        }
       } catch (Exception e) {
        ......
       }

接下来是创建Application对象,这是根据AndroidManifest.xml配置文件中的Application标签的信息来创建的:

   Application app = r.packageInfo.makeApplication(false, mInstrumentation);

后面的代码主要创建Activity的上下文信息,并通过attach方法将这些上下文信息设置到MainActivity中去:

   activity.attach(appContext, this, getInstrumentation(), r.token,
        r.ident, app, r.intent, r.activityInfo, title, r.parent,
        r.embeddedID, r.lastNonConfigurationInstance,
        r.lastNonConfigurationChildInstances, config);

最后还要调用MainActivity的onCreate函数:

   mInstrumentation.callActivityOnCreate(activity, r.state);

这里不是直接调用MainActivity的onCreate函数,而是通过mInstrumentation的callActivityOnCreate函数来间接调用,前面我们说过,mInstrumentation在这里的作用是监控Activity与系统的交互操作,相当于是系统运行日志。

Step 35. MainActivity.onCreate

这个函数定义在packages/experimental/Activity/src/shy/luo/activity/MainActivity.java文件中,这是我们自定义的app工程文件:

public class MainActivity extends Activity  implements OnClickListener {

        ......

        @Override
        public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
            ......

            Log.i(LOG_TAG, "Main Activity Created.");
        }

        ......

    }

这样,MainActivity就启动起来了,整个应用程序也启动起来了。

整个应用程序的启动过程要执行很多步骤,但是整体来看,主要分为以下五个阶段:

一. Step1 - Step 11:Launcher通过Binder进程间通信机制通知ActivityManagerService,它要启动一个Activity;

二. Step 12 - Step 16:ActivityManagerService通过Binder进程间通信机制通知Launcher进入Paused状态;

三. Step 17 - Step 24:Launcher通过Binder进程间通信机制通知ActivityManagerService,它已经准备就绪进入Paused状态,于是ActivityManagerService就创建一个新的进程,用来启动一个ActivityThread实例,即将要启动的Activity就是在这个ActivityThread实例中运行;

四. Step 25 - Step 27:ActivityThread通过Binder进程间通信机制将一个ApplicationThread类型的Binder对象传递给ActivityManagerService,以便以后ActivityManagerService能够通过这个Binder对象和它进行通信;

五. Step 28 - Step 35:ActivityManagerService通过Binder进程间通信机制通知ActivityThread,现在一切准备就绪,它可以真正执行Activity的启动操作了。

这里不少地方涉及到了Binder进程间通信机制,相关资料请参考Android进程间通信(IPC)机制Binder简要介绍和学习计划一文。

这样,应用程序的启动过程就介绍完了,它实质上是启动应用程序的默认Activity,在下一篇文章中,我们将介绍在应用程序内部启动另一个Activity的过程,即新的Activity与启动它的Activity将会在同一个进程(Process)和任务(Task)运行,敬请关注。

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